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php header的用法小结

Jun 21, 2016 am 08:49 AM
cache content header http php

本篇文章对php语言中header函数的作用以及用法做一个小结。

php header()函数的具体作用是向客户端发送一个原始 HTTP 标头[Http Header]到客户端。

标头 (header) 是服务器以 HTTP 协义传 HTML 资料到浏览器前所送出的字串,在标头与 HTML 文件之间尚需空一行分隔。在任何实际的输出被发送之前调用 header() 函数(在 PHP 4 以及更高的版本中,您可以使用输出缓存来解决此问题)。

下面举一些比较常见的header用法示例:

(1)使用header实现重定向(等价于代替用户在地址栏输入url)。

<?php header("Location:http://www.Alixixi.com/mysql/407.html";); 
exit;//注意务必在每个重定向之后都必须加上exit,避免发生错误后,代码会继续向下执行
?>
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<?php /** 
@title:PHP实现定时跳转 
@功能:等待指定的时间,然后再跳转到指定页面(代替html meta方式) 
*/ 
header("refresh:3;url=http://www.Alixixi.com/javascript-function/605.html"); 
echo '正在加载,请稍等...<br>三秒后自动跳转';
/* 
说明:若等待时间为0,则与header("location:")等效。 
*/
?>
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(2)禁止页面在浏览器中被缓存。

如果因业务需要访问者每次都浏览页面都是得到最新的资料,而不是 Proxy 或 cache 中的资料,可以使用下列的标头:

<?php header('Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT');
header('Last-Modified: '.gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s').' GMT');
header('Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate');
header('Cache-Control: post-check=0, pre-check=0', false );
header('Pragma: no-cache'); //兼容http1.0和https
?>
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其实这里主要就是设置下面几个选项的值:

CacheControl = no-cache
Pragma=no-cache
Expires = -1

当HTTP1.1服务器指定CacheControl = no-cache时,浏览器就不会缓存该网页。旧式 HTTP 1.0 服务器不能使用 Cache-Control 标题。所以为了向后兼容 HTTP 1.0 服务器,IE使用Pragma:no-cache 标题对 HTTP 提供特殊支持。

有关Cache-control的具体介绍请参考本站文章:

网页缓存控制 Cache-control 常见的取值有private、no-cache、max-age、must-revalidate 介绍

如果客户端通过安全连接 (https://) 与服务器通讯,且服务器在响应中返回 Pragma:no-cache 标题,则 Internet Explorer 不会缓存此响应。注意:Pragma:no-cache 仅当在安全连接中使用时才防止缓存,如果在非安全页中使用,处理方式与 Expires:-1 相同,该页将被缓存,但被标记为立即过期。

Expires是个好东东,如果服务器上的网页经常变化,就把它设置为-1,表示立即过期。如果一个网页每天凌晨1点更新,可以把Expires设置为第二天的凌晨1点。

(3)让使用者的浏览器出现找不到档案的信息。

网上很多资料这样写:php的函数header()可以向浏览器发送Status标头,如 header(”Status: 404 Not Found”)。但是我发现实际上浏览器返回的响应却是:

HTTP/1.x 200 OK
Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2006 07:49:11 GMT
Server: Apache/2.0.55 (Win32) PHP/5.0.5
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.0.5
Status: 404 Not Found
Content-Length: 0
Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=98
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Type: text/html

查了一些资料,正确的写法是:

header(”http/1.1 404 Not Found”);

第一部分为HTTP协议的版本(HTTP-Version);第二部分为状态代码(Status);第三部分为原因短语(Reason-Phrase)。

(4)让访问者下载档案(隐藏文件的位置)。

我们都知道通过原始的url就可以实现普通文件下载,但是如果我们需要保密文件在服务器上的存储位置,就不能直接把文件链接显示出来,这里我们就可以通过header函数隐藏文件地址同时又实现文件的下载,具体代码如下:

<?php header("Content-type: application/x-gzip"); 
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=Alixixi.zip"); 
header("Content-Description: PHP3 Generated Data"); 
?> 
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另外,关于使用php进行文件下载,可以参照本站文章:

PHP文件下载函数(代码)

下面列举一些并不是非常常见的header的用法示例:

<?php // ok 200
header('HTTP/1.1 200 OK');

//设置一个404头:
header('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found');

//设置地址被永久的重定向
header('HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently');

//文档语言
header('Content-language: en');

//告诉浏览器最后一次修改时间
$time = time() - 60; // or filemtime($fn), etc
header('Last-Modified: '.gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s', $time).' GMT');

//告诉浏览器文档内容没有发生改变
header('HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified');

//设置内容长度
header('Content-Length: 1234');

//设置内容类型:
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1');
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
header('Content-Type: text/plain'); //纯文本格式
header('Content-Type: image/jpeg'); //JPG图片
header('Content-Type: application/zip'); // ZIP文件
header('Content-Type: application/pdf'); // PDF文件
header('Content-Type: audio/mpeg'); // 音频文件
header('Content-Type: application/x-shockwave-flash'); //Flash动画
?>
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