PHP中的PDO详解

Jun 20, 2016 pm 12:47 PM

PDO 是一个“数据库访问抽象层”,作用是统一各种数据库(MySQL、MSSQL、Oracle、DB2、PostgreSQL……)的访问接口,能轻松的在不同的数据库之间完成切换,使得数据库间的移植容易实现。

PDO常用方法:
PDO::query()主要用于有记录结果返回的操作(PDOStatement),特别是select操作。
PDO::exec()主要是针对没有结果集合返回的操作。如insert,update等操作。返回影响行数。
PDO::lastInsertId()返回上次插入操作最后一条ID,但要注意:如果用insert into tb(col1,col2) values(v1,v2),(v11,v22)..的方式一次插入多条记录,lastinsertid()返回的只是第一条(v1,v2)插入时的ID,而不是最后一条记录插入的记录ID。
PDOStatement::fetch()是用来获取一条记录。配合while来遍历。
PDOStatement::fetchAll()是获取所有记录集到一个中。
PDOStatement::fetchcolumn([int column_indexnum])用于直接访问列,参数column_indexnum是该列在行中的从0开始索引值,但是,这个方法一次只能取得同一行的一列,只要执行一次,就跳到下一行。因此,用于直接访问某一列时较好用,但要遍历多列就用不上。
PDOStatement::rowcount()适用于当用query(“select …”)方法时,获取记录的条数。也可以用于预处理中。$stmt->rowcount();
PDOStatement::columncount()适用于当用query(“select …”)方法时,获取记录的列数。

注解:
1、选fetch还是fetchall?
小记录集时,用fetchall效率高,减少从数据库检索次数,但对于大结果集,用fetchall则给系统带来很大负担。数据库要向WEB前端传输量太大反而效率低。
2、fetch()或fetchall()有几个参数:
mixed pdostatement::fetch([int fetch_style [,int cursor_orientation [,int cursor_offset]]])
array pdostatement::fetchAll(int fetch_style)

fetch_style参数:
■$row=$rs->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_BOTH); FETCH_BOTH是默认的,可省,返回关联和索引。
■$row=$rs->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); FETCH_ASSOC参数决定返回的只有关联数组。
■$row=$rs->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_NUM); 返回索引数组
■$row=$rs->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_OBJ); 如果fetch()则返回对象,如果是fetchall(),返回由对象组成的二维数组

实例:

<?php try{ $dbh=newPDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test',$user,$pass); $dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE,PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); $dbh->exec("SET CHARACTER SET utf8"); /*添加*/ $sql = "INSERT INTO `user` (`login` ,`password`)VALUES (:login, :password)"; $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute(array(':login'=>'king',':password'=>'123')); echo $dbh->lastinsertid(); /*修改*/ $sql = "UPDATE `user` SET `password`=:password WHERE `user_id`=:userId"; $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute(array(':userId'=>'7', ':password'=>'4607e782c4d86fd5364d7e4508bb10d9')); echo $stmt->rowCount(); /*删除*/ $sql = "DELETE FROM `user` WHERE `login` LIKE 'ke'"; $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute(); echo $stmt->rowCount(); /*查询*/ $login = 'kevi'; $sql = "SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `login` LIKE :login"; $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute(array(':login'=>$login)); while($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)){ print_r($row); } print_r( $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)); $dbh=null; //断开连接 }catch(PDOException$e){ print"Error!:".$e->getMessage()."<br/>"; die(); } ?> 
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事务:

<?php try { $dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'root', ''); $dbh->query('set names utf8;'); $dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); $dbh->beginTransaction(); $dbh->exec("Insert INTO `test`.`table` (`name` ,`age`)VALUES ('mick', 22);"); $dbh->exec("Insert INTO `test`.`table` (`name` ,`age`)VALUES ('lily', 29);"); $dbh->exec("Insert INTO `test`.`table` (`name` ,`age`)VALUES ('susan', 21);"); $dbh->commit(); } catch (Exception $e) { $dbh->rollBack(); echo "Failed: " . $e->getMessage(); } ?> 
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排除错误:

$sth = $dbh->prepare('select * from db where SN = :SN'); $sth->bindParam(':SN',$value[SN]); $sth->execute(); if ($sth->errorCode()) { echo "有错误!有错误!"; print_r($sth->errorInfo()); } 
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