Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP实现Restful风格的API

PHP实现Restful风格的API

Jun 20, 2016 pm 12:45 PM

Restful是一种设计风格而不是标准,比如一个接口原本是这样的:

http://www.test.com/user/view/id/1
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表示获取id为1的用户信息,如果使用Restful风格,可以变成这样:

http://www.test.com/user/1
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Copy after login

可以很明显的看出这样做的好处:

1、更简洁的URL,对程序员友好

2、不暴露内部代码结构,更安全

那么,如何实现这个接口呢?首先,我们需要接收到/user/1部分。

$path = $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'];$arr = explode('/',$path);print_r($arr);
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得到下面的结果:

Array(    [0] =>     [1] => User    [2] => 1)
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获取到了参数,下面的操作就很简单了:

if($arr[1] == 'user'){		$model = new UserModel();	$id = $arr[2];		//读取用户信息	$user_info = $model->find($id);		echo json_encode($user_info);	}
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这样,我们就实现了一个Restful风格的API。

下面,我们再看如何实现读取用户列表的接口,传统方式:

http://www.test.com/user/list
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使用Restful风格,可以更加简洁:

http://www.test.com/user
Copy after login
Copy after login

和读取用户信息的区别是,user后面没有id,所以我们可以在读取部分的基础上做一下修改:

if($arr[1] == 'user'){		$model = new UserModel();	$id = $arr[2];		if($id){				//读取用户信息		$user_info = $model->find($id);		echo json_encode($user_info);			}else{				//读取用户列表 				$user_list = $model->select();		echo json_encode($user_list);	}	}
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这样就实现了读取用户列表的接口。

下面再看如何实现增加用户的接口,传统方式:

http://www.test.com/user/add
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Restful风格:

http://www.test.com/user
Copy after login
Copy after login

和读取用户列表的接口是一样的,怎么区分呢?其实很简单,读取是GET请求,而增加是POST请求,用户信息都存在POST参数中,所以可以对代码进行下面的修改:

if($arr[1] == 'user'){		$model = new UserModel();	$id = $arr[2];		if($id){				//读取用户信息		$user_info = $model->find($id);		echo json_encode($user_info);			}else{				if(IS_POST){						//增加用户 			$res = $model->add($_POST);			if($res){				echo 'success';			}else{				echo 'fail';			}					}else{			//读取用户列表 					$user_list = $model->select();			echo json_encode($user_list);		}	}	}
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同样的接口,可以依据HTTP请求方式来执行不同的逻辑。

这就是实现Restful风格API的核心思路,依次类推,我们可以实现编辑用户接口和删除用户接口:

http://www.test.com/user/1
Copy after login
Copy after login

只要使用不同的请求方式,就能区分开了。我们可以用PUT请求来执行编辑操作,用DELETE请求来执行删除操作。

具体代码就不写了,有兴趣的朋友可以自己尝试实现以下。

在ThinkPHP框架中也提供了对Restful风格的支持,原理也是类似的。

总结一下,Restful风格就是,使用简单的URL和HTTP请求方式来实现接口。

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