PHP 实现HASH表
Hash 表又称散列表,通过关键字Key 映射到数组中一个位置来访问记录
Hash 函数的作用是把任意长度的输入,通过HASH算法变换成固定长度的输出,该输出就是HASH值
HASH表的时间复杂度为O(1)
下文使用直接取余法实现
创建一个hashtable
class HashTable{ private $buckets; //用于存储数据的数组 private $size = 12; //记录buckets 数组的大小 public function __construct(){ $this->buckets = new SplFixedArray($this->size); //SplFixedArray效率更高,也可以用一般的数组来代替 } private function hashfunc($key){ $strlen = strlen($key); //返回字符串的长度 $hashval = 0; for($i = 0; $i<$strlen ; $i++){ $hashval +=ord($key[$i]); //返回ASCII的值 } return $hashval%$this->size; // 返回取余数后的值 } public function insert($key,$value){ $index = $this->hashfunc($key); if(isset($this->buckets[$index])){ $newNode = new HashNode($key,$value,$this->buckets[$index]); }else{ $newNode = new HashNode($key,$value,null); } $this->buckets[$index] = $newNode; } public function find($key){ $index = $this->hashfunc($key); $current = $this->buckets[$index]; echo "</br>"; var_dump($current); while(isset($current)){ //遍历当前链表 if($current->key==$key){ //比较当前结点关键字 return $current->value; } $current = $current->nextNode; //return $current->value; } return NULL; } }
上述可能会有冲突问题,比如HASH表指向的
插入两个元素,第二个元素的HASH值与第一个值得HASH值相同
则第二个元素将覆盖第一个元素的值
这时我们用拉链法解决冲突:具有相同HASH值得字节点链接在同一个链表中。查找这个元素的时候就必须遍历这条链表。
创建 HASHNODE
class HashNode{ public $key; //关键字 public $value; //数据 public $nextNode; //HASHNODE来存储信息 public function __construct($key,$value,$nextNode = NULL){ $this->key = $key; $this->value = $value; $this->nextNode = $nextNode; } }
实现
$ht = new HashTable(); $ht->insert('key1','value1'); //$ht->insert('key12','value12'); echo $ht->find('key1');

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