PHP 实现HASH表

Jun 20, 2016 pm 12:45 PM

Hash 表又称散列表,通过关键字Key 映射到数组中一个位置来访问记录

Hash 函数的作用是把任意长度的输入,通过HASH算法变换成固定长度的输出,该输出就是HASH值

HASH表的时间复杂度为O(1)

下文使用直接取余法实现

创建一个hashtable

class HashTable{		private $buckets;			//用于存储数据的数组	private $size = 12;			//记录buckets 数组的大小	public function __construct(){				$this->buckets = new SplFixedArray($this->size);		//SplFixedArray效率更高,也可以用一般的数组来代替	}		private function hashfunc($key){		$strlen = strlen($key); 	//返回字符串的长度		$hashval = 0;				for($i = 0; $i<$strlen ; $i++){			$hashval +=ord($key[$i]); //返回ASCII的值		}		return $hashval%$this->size;    //    返回取余数后的值	}	public function insert($key,$value){		$index = $this->hashfunc($key);	if(isset($this->buckets[$index])){        $newNode = new HashNode($key,$value,$this->buckets[$index]);			}else{	$newNode = new HashNode($key,$value,null);			}	$this->buckets[$index] = $newNode;		}		public function find($key){					$index = $this->hashfunc($key);						$current = $this->buckets[$index];			echo "</br>";			var_dump($current);			while(isset($current)){    //遍历当前链表				if($current->key==$key){    //比较当前结点关键字					return $current->value;				}				$current = $current->nextNode;				//return $current->value;			}			return NULL;		}	}
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上述可能会有冲突问题,比如HASH表指向的

插入两个元素,第二个元素的HASH值与第一个值得HASH值相同

则第二个元素将覆盖第一个元素的值

这时我们用拉链法解决冲突:具有相同HASH值得字节点链接在同一个链表中。查找这个元素的时候就必须遍历这条链表。

创建 HASHNODE

class HashNode{			public $key;		//关键字			public $value;		//数据			public $nextNode;	//HASHNODE来存储信息			public function __construct($key,$value,$nextNode = NULL){						$this->key = $key;						$this->value = $value;						$this->nextNode = $nextNode;									}		}
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实现

    $ht = new HashTable();     $ht->insert('key1','value1');     //$ht->insert('key12','value12');		echo $ht->find('key1');
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