[ Laravel 5.2 文档 ] 服务 -- Redis
1、简介
Redis是一个开源的、高级的键值对存储系统,经常被用作数据结构服务器,因为其支持 字符串、 Hash、 列表、 集合和 有序集合等数据结构。在Laravel中使用Redis之前,需要通过Composer安装 predis/predis包(~1.0)。
配置
应用的Redis配置位于配置文件 config/database.php。在这个文件中,可以看到包含被应用使用的Redis服务器的 redis数组:
'redis' => [ 'cluster' => false, 'default' => [ 'host' => '127.0.0.1', 'port' => 6379, 'database' => 0, ],],
默认服务器配置可以满足开发需要,然而,你可以基于环境随意修改该数组,只需要给每个Redis服务器一个名字并指定该Redis服务器使用的主机和接口。
cluster选项告诉Laravel Redis 客户端在多个Redis节点间执行客户端分片,从而形成节点池并创建大量有效的RAM。然而,客户端分片并不处理故障转移,所以,非常适合从另一个主数据存储那里获取有效的缓存数据。
此外,你可以在Redis连接定义中定义options数组值,从而允许你指定一系列Predis 客户端选项。
如果Redis服务器要求认证信息,你可以通过添加 password配置项到Redis服务器配置数组来提供密码。
注意:如果你通过PECL安装PHP的Redis扩展,需要在 config/app.php文件中修改Redis的别名。
2、基本使用
你可以通过调用 Redis门面上的多个方法来与Redis进行交互,该门面支持动态方法,所以你可以任何 Redis命令,该命令将会直接传递给Redis,在本例中,我们通过调用 Redis门面上的 get方法来调用Redis上的GET命令:
<?phpnamespace App\Http\Controllers;use Redis;use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;class UserController extends Controller{ /** * 显示指定用户属性 * * @param int $id * @return Response */ public function showProfile($id) { $user = Redis::get('user:profile:'.$id); return view('user.profile', ['user' => $user]); }}
当然,如上所述,可以在 Redis门面上调用任何Redis命令。Laravel使用魔术方法将命令传递给Redis服务器,所以只需简单传递参数和Redis命令如下:
Redis::set('name', 'Taylor');$values = Redis::lrange('names', 5, 10);
此外还可以使用 command方法传递命令到服务器,该方法接收命令名作为第一个参数,参数值数组作为第二个参数:
$values = Redis::command('lrange', ['name', 5, 10]);
使用多个Redis连接
你可以通过调用 Redis::connection方法获取Redis实例:
$redis = Redis::connection();
这将会获取默认Redis服务器实例,如果你没有使用服务器集群,可以传递服务器名到 connection方法来获取指定Redis配置中定义的指定服务器:
$redis = Redis::connection('other');
管道命令
当你需要在一次操作中发送多个命令到服务器的时候应该使用管道, pipeline方法接收一个参数:接收Redis实例的闭包。你可以将所有Redis命令发送到这个Redis实例,然后这些命令会在一次操作中被执行:
Redis::pipeline(function ($pipe) { for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++) { $pipe->set("key:$i", $i); }});
3、 发布/ 订阅
Redis还提供了调用Redis的 publish和 subscribe命令的接口。这些Redis命令允许你在给定“频道”监听消息,你可以从另外一个应用发布消息到这个频道,甚至使用其它编程语言,从而允许你在不同的应用/进程之间轻松通信。
首先,让我们使用 subscribe方法通过Redis在一个频道上设置监听器。由于调用 subscribe方法会开启一个常驻进程,我们将在Artisan命令中调用该方法:
<?phpnamespace App\Console\Commands;use Redis;use Illuminate\Console\Command;class RedisSubscribe extends Command{ /** * 控制台命令名称 * * @var string */ protected $signature = 'redis:subscribe'; /** * 控制台命令描述 * * @var string */ protected $description = 'Subscribe to a Redis channel'; /** * 执行控制台命令 * * @return mixed */ public function handle() { Redis::subscribe(['test-channel'], function($message) { echo $message; }); }}
现在,我们可以使用 publish发布消息到该频道:
Route::get('publish', function () { // 路由逻辑... Redis::publish('test-channel', json_encode(['foo' => 'bar']));});
通配符订阅
使用 psubscribe方法,你可以订阅到一个通配符定义的频道,这在所有相应频道上获取所有消息时很有用。 $channel名将会作为第二个参数传递给提供的回调闭包:
Redis::psubscribe(['*'], function($message, $channel) { echo $message;});Redis::psubscribe(['users.*'], function($message, $channel) { echo $message;});

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