如何优雅的使用异常
老子曰:程序开发时,有 80% 的代码在处理各种异常。
由于php实在是太过于灵活简单,很多phper对异常的处理其实不太感冒,于是乎,我们会经常看到
die("xxx");
exit("xxx");
这样的异常处理,但这类异常对于项目的稳定性却很不友好,主要有以下几点问题:
1:粗暴的打断正常的业务流。
2:调试非常因难。
3:灵活度太差
那我们展开来看这三个问题:
1:现代的框架,大都有一个标准的处理流程:
_before(); //前置控制器,可以做一个数据的初始化
run(); //业务逻辑的处理
_after(); //后置控制器,在处理完业务,有机会进行收尾(比如回收资源,统一打日志等)。
但如果的 业务逻辑处理里(run)直接用 exit, die这类函数会直接退出php当前脚本的执行,从而跳过_after(),这显然不符合正常的逻辑。
2:笔者曾经有个经历,打开某个页面,突然白屏,经过一翻苦苦的debug,终于在某处发现了一个孤零零的exit,没有任何提示,碰到这样的代码,对于调试者来说,就是个噩梦。
3:现在已经不再是pc互联网的时候,移动互联网比例已大幅增加,这时,我们往往是输出一个接口,如果直接碰到exit, die这类输出可能直接导致客户端崩溃。
那正确的使用方式是什么?
没错,就是php自带的Exception, php自带的Exception非常的强大而且友好,可能由于历史原因,很多人没有习惯使用它。
所以,针对第一个问题,我们在进行框架设计的时候,就可以这么处理:
try {
$ctrl->_before();
$ctrl->$method();
$ctrl->_after();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
$ctrl->_atfer(); //让_after在异常后也能正常执行
throw $e; //再抛出异常
}
抛出异常之后, 通过Exception类自带的 getTrace()方法,可以获得调用栈,这样就能很方便的进行调试。
最后可以通过set_exception_handler自定义异常处理,最终输出正确的数据格式。
帖上一小段我常用的异常处理代码。
假定我们的api代码约定:
{
code: 0, //非0表示异常
msg: "", //提示信息,非0时有值
data: {} //code=0时的业务数据,
}
自定义异常处理类
class MyException extends \Exception
{
public $realCode = '';
public function __construct($message, $code = -1)
{
$this->realCode = $code;
parent::__construct($message, $code);
}
public static function exceptionHandler(\Exception $exception)
{
$model = ZFormater::exception($exception); //格式化异常
Log::info([\var_export($model, true)], 'exception'); //异常写日志
$info = array();
if(property_exists($exception, 'realCode')) {
$codeArr = explode('_', $exception->realCode);
if(count($codeArr) > 1) {
$model['code'] = intval($codeArr[0]);
$model['msg'] = $codeArr[1];
}
}
if ($config['debug_mode']) { //调式模式,输出调用栈
$info['debug'] = $model;
}
$info['msg'] = $model['message'];
$info['ret'] = empty($model['code']) ? -1 : $model['code'];
if(Request::isAjax()) { //ajax请求,json串输出
Request::setViewMode('Json');
}
if('Php' == Request::getViewMode()) { //页面请求,统一的异常页面展示
if ($config['debug_mode']) {
Request::setTplFile('public/exception.php');
} else {
Request::setTplFile('public/error.php');
}
}
Response::display($info);
}
realCode对应的定义:
class ERROR
{
const DEF_MSG = '系统异常';
//系统级异常码
const PARAM_ERROR = '1_参数异常';
const NEED_LOGIN = '2_需要登录';
const USER_ERROR = '3_用户名不存在';
const PASS_ERROR = '4_密码异常';
}
然后通过set_exception_handler("MyException::exceptionHandler"); 进行自定义异常处理后,我们在业务层,碰到异常的逻辑,就可以统一的、愉快的进行下面这样的异常抛出了:
throw new MyException('param xxx error', ERROR::PARAM_ERROR);
那么最终输出的api将会是:
{
"code": 1,
"msg": "参数异常"
}
这样就可以和exit, die 说再见了。
PS: 以上代码大都取自zphp框架,详细可参考ZPHP框架: https://github.com/shenzhe/zphp
--------------伟大的分割线----------------
PHP饭米粒(phpfamily) 由一群靠谱的人建立,愿为PHPer带来一些值得细细品味的精神食粮!
本文由 桶哥 原创,转载请注明本来源信息和以下的二维码(长按可识别二维码关注):

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











There are four main error types in PHP: 1.Notice: the slightest, will not interrupt the program, such as accessing undefined variables; 2. Warning: serious than Notice, will not terminate the program, such as containing no files; 3. FatalError: the most serious, will terminate the program, such as calling no function; 4. ParseError: syntax error, will prevent the program from being executed, such as forgetting to add the end tag.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

HTTP request methods include GET, POST, PUT and DELETE, which are used to obtain, submit, update and delete resources respectively. 1. The GET method is used to obtain resources and is suitable for read operations. 2. The POST method is used to submit data and is often used to create new resources. 3. The PUT method is used to update resources and is suitable for complete updates. 4. The DELETE method is used to delete resources and is suitable for deletion operations.

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

In PHPOOP, self:: refers to the current class, parent:: refers to the parent class, static:: is used for late static binding. 1.self:: is used for static method and constant calls, but does not support late static binding. 2.parent:: is used for subclasses to call parent class methods, and private methods cannot be accessed. 3.static:: supports late static binding, suitable for inheritance and polymorphism, but may affect the readability of the code.

PHP handles file uploads through the $\_FILES variable. The methods to ensure security include: 1. Check upload errors, 2. Verify file type and size, 3. Prevent file overwriting, 4. Move files to a permanent storage location.
