PSR-1 基本代码规范
基本代码规范
本篇规范制定了代码基本元素的相关标准，以确保共享的PHP代码间具有较高程度的技术互通性。
1. 概览 -----------
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PHP代码文件 必须以
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PHP代码文件 必须以 不带BOM的 UTF-8编码；
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PHP代码中 应该只定义类、函数、常量等声明，或其他会产生 从属效应的操作（如：生成文件输出以及修改.ini配置文件等），二者只能选其一；
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命名空间以及类 必须符合 PSR 的自动加载规范：PSR-0 或PSR-4 中的一个；
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类的命名 必须遵循 StudlyCaps大写开头的驼峰命名规范；
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类中的常量所有字母都 必须大写，单词间用下划线分隔；
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方法名称 必须符合 camelCase式的小写开头驼峰命名规范。
- 文件
2.1. PHP标签
PHP代码 必须使用 长标签 或 = ?>短输出标签；
一定不可使用其它自定义标签。
2.2. 字符编码
PHP代码 必须且只可使用 不带BOM的UTF-8编码。
2.3. 从属效应（副作用）
一份PHP文件中 应该要不就只定义新的声明，如类、函数或常量等不产生从属效应的操作，要不就只有会产生从属效应的逻辑操作，但 不该同时具有两者。
“从属效应”(side effects)一词的意思是，仅仅通过包含文件，不直接声明类、函数和常量等，而执行的逻辑操作。
“从属效应”包含却不仅限于：生成输出、直接的 require或 include、连接外部服务、修改 ini 配置、抛出错误或异常、修改全局或静态变量、读或写文件等。
以下是一个反例，一份包含声明以及产生从属效应的代码：
<?php// 从属效应：修改 ini 配置ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);// 从属效应：引入文件include "file.php";// 从属效应：生成输出echo "<html>\n";// 声明函数function foo(){ // 函数主体部分}下面是一个范例，一份只包含声明不产生从属效应的代码：
<?php// 声明函数function foo(){ // 函数主体部分}// 条件声明**不**属于从属效应if (! function_exists('bar')) { function bar() { // 函数主体部分 }}- 命名空间和类
命名空间以及类的命名必须遵循 [PSR-0][].
根据规范，每个类都独立为一个文件，且命名空间至少有一个层次：顶级的组织名称（vendor name）。
类的命名必须 遵循 StudlyCaps大写开头的驼峰命名规范。
PHP 5.3及以后版本的代码 必须使用正式的命名空间。
例如：
<?php// PHP 5.3及以后版本的写法namespace Vendor\Model;class Foo{}5.2.x及之前的版本 应该使用伪命名空间的写法，约定俗成使用顶级的组织名称（vendor name）如 Vendor_为类前缀。
<?php// 5.2.x及之前版本的写法class Vendor_Model_Foo{}- 类的常量、属性和方法
此处的“类”指代所有的类、接口以及可复用代码块（traits）
4.1. 常量
类的常量中所有字母都 必须大写，词间以下划线分隔。
参照以下代码：
<?phpnamespace Vendor\Model;class Foo{ const VERSION = '1.0'; const DATE_APPROVED = '2012-06-01';}4.2. 属性
类的属性命名可以遵循 大写开头的驼峰式 ( $StudlyCaps)、小写开头的驼峰式 ( $camelCase) 又或者是 下划线分隔式 ( $under_score)，本规范不做强制要求，但无论遵循哪种命名方式，都 应该在一定的范围内保持一致。这个范围可以是整个团队、整个包、整个类或整个方法。
4.3. 方法
方法名称 必须符合 camelCase()式的小写开头驼峰命名规范。
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