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Python ZipFile模块详解

Jun 16, 2016 am 08:46 AM
python zipfile

Python zipfile模块用来做zip格式编码的压缩和解压缩的,zipfile里有两个非常重要的class, 分别是ZipFile和ZipInfo, 在绝大多数的情况下,我们只需要使用这两个class就可以了。ZipFile是主要的类,用来创建和读取zip文件而ZipInfo是存储的zip文件的每个文件的信息的。
比如要读取一个Python zipfile 模块,这里假设filename是一个文件的路径:

复制代码 代码如下:

import zipfile 
z =zipfile.ZipFile(filename, 'r')
# 这里的第二个参数用r表示是读取zip文件,w是创建一个zip文件 
for f in z.namelist():
print f

上面的代码是读取一个zip压缩包里所有文件的名字。z.namelist() 会返回压缩包内所有文件名的列表。
再看看下面一个:
复制代码 代码如下:

import zipfile 
z = zipfile.ZipFile(filename, 'r') 
for i in z.infolist(): 
print i.file_size, i.header_offset

这里使用了z.infolist(), 它返回的就是压缩包内所有文件的信息,就是一个ZipInfo的列表。一个ZipInfo对象中包含了压缩包内一个文件的信息,其中比较常用的是 filename, file_size, header_offset, 分别为文件名,文件大小,文件数据在压缩包中的偏移。其实之前的z.namelist()就是读取的ZipInfo中的filename,组成一个 list返回的。
从压缩包里解压缩出一个文件的方法是使用ZipFile的read方法:
复制代码 代码如下:

import zipfile 
 z = zipfile.ZipFile(filename, 'r') 
print z.read(z.namelist()[0])

这样就读取出z.namelist()中的第一个文件,并且输出到屏幕,当然也可以把它存储到文件。下面是创建zip压缩包的方法,与读取的方法其实很类似的:
复制代码 代码如下:

import zipfile, os 
 z = zipfile.ZipFile(filename, 'w')
# 注意这里的第二个参数是w,这里的filename是压缩包的名字

假设要把一个叫testdir中的文件全部添加到压缩包里(这里只添加一级子目录中的文件):
复制代码 代码如下:

if os.path.isdir(testdir): 
     for d in os.listdir(testdir): 
         z.write(testdir+os.sep+d) 
         # close() 是必须调用的! 
         z.close()

面的代码非常的简单。想想还有一个问题,如果我把一个test/111.txt 添加到压缩包里之后我希望在包里它放到test22/111.txt怎么办呢?其实这个就是Python ZipFile模块的write方法中第二个参数的作用了。只需要这样调用:
复制代码 代码如下:

z.write("test/111.txt", "test22/111.txt") 

以上就是我们为大家介绍的有关Python ZipFile模块的相关知识。
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