python实现定制交互式命令行的方法
Python的交互式命令行可通过启动文件来配置。
当Python启动时，会查找环境变量PYTHONSTARTUP,并且执行该变量中所指定文件里的程序代码。该指定文件名称以及地址可以是随意的。按Tab键时会自动补全内容和命令历史。这对命令行的有效增强，而这些工具则是基于readline模块实现的（这需要readline程序库辅助实现）。
此处为大家举一个简单的启动脚本文件例子，它为python命令行添加了按键自动补全内容和历史命令功能。
[python@python ~]$ cat .pythonstartup
import readline
import rlcompleter
import atexit
import os
#tab completion
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
#history file
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pythonhistory')
try:
readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
pass
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file,histfile)
del os,histfile,readline,rlcompleter设置环境变量
[python@python ~]$ cat .bash_profile|grep PYTHON export PYTHONSTARTUP=/home/python/.pythonstartup
验证Tab键补全和历史命令查看。
[python@python ~]$ python Python 2.7.5 (default, Oct 6 2013, 10:45:13) [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-44)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import md5 >>> md5. md5.__class__( md5.__getattribute__( md5.__reduce__( md5.__subclasshook__( md5.__delattr__( md5.__hash__( md5.__reduce_ex__( md5.blocksize md5.__dict__ md5.__init__( md5.__repr__( md5.digest_size md5.__doc__ md5.__name__ md5.__setattr__( md5.md5( md5.__file__ md5.__new__( md5.__sizeof__( md5.new( md5.__format__( md5.__package__ md5.__str__( md5.warnings >>> import os >>> import md5
注意：如果在make的时候出现：
Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found: _tkinter gdbm readline sunaudiodev
如果对此忽略了的话，import readline会报错。表示没有指定模块！
这里是缺少指定包：
redhat: readline-devel.xxx.rpm
安装上重新编译执行，问题即可得到解决。
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