python的类变量和成员变量用法实例教程
本文实例形式讲解了python的类变量和成员变量用法,对于Python程序设计有一定的参考价值。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下:
先看看下面这段代码:
class TestClass(object): val1 = 100 def __init__(self): self.val2 = 200 def fcn(self,val = 400): val3 = 300 self.val4 = val self.val5 = 500 if __name__ == '__main__': inst = TestClass() print TestClass.val1 print inst.val1 print inst.val2 print inst.val3 print inst.val4 print inst.val5
这里,val1是类变量,可以由类名直接调用,也可以有对象来调用;
val2是成员变量,可以由类的对象来调用,这里可以看出成员变量一定是以self.的形式给出的,因为self的含义就是代表实例对象;
val3不是成员变量,它只是函数fcn内部的局部变量;
val4和val5也都不是成员变量,虽是以self.给出,但并没有在构造函数中初始化。
再看看下面的代码(#号后面的是运行结果):
inst1 = TestClass() inst2 = TestClass() print TestClass.val1 # 100 print inst1.val1 # 100 inst1.val1 = 1000 print inst1.val1 # 1000 print TestClass.val1 # 100 TestClass.val1 =2000 print inst1.val1 # 1000 print TestClass.val1 # 2000 print inst2.val1 # 2000 inst3 = TestClass() print inst3.val1 # 2000
可以发现:python的类变量和C++的静态变量不同,并不是由类的所有对象共享。类本身拥有自己的类变量(保存在内存),当一个TestClass类的对象被构造时,会将当前类变量拷贝一份给这个对象,当前类变量的值是多少,这个对象拷贝得到的类变量的值就是多少;而且,通过对象来修改类变量,并不会影响其他对象的类变量的值,因为大家都有各自的副本,更不会影响类本身所拥有的那个类变量的值;只有类自己才能改变类本身拥有的类变量的值。
希望本文所述实例对于大家理解和掌握Python的类变量和成员变量用法有所帮助。

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