each与list的用法(PHP学习)
1.each的用法
先看API
array each ( array &$array )
api里是这么描述的:each — 返回数组中当前的键/值对并将数组指针向前移动一步
我们先来看看返回的数组是怎么样的?
<?php $arr = array('你','若','安','好','便','是','晴','天'); print_r(each($arr)); print_r(each($arr)); echo '<hr />'; /* 返回 Array ( [1] => 你 [value] => 你 [0] => 0 [key] => 0 ) Array ( [1] => 若 [value] => 若 [0] => 1 [key] => 1 ) */ //执行相同的一段代码,从‘你’到‘若’,说明each是会每执行一次,游标向数组尾部移动一步 //0和Key存放的是键 //1和value存放的是值 //因此each满足遍历数组的,得到当前的键和值,以及每执行一次,向尾部移动一步游标 //因此循环数组也可以用each这么写 reset($arr); for(;$tmp=each($arr);){ echo $tmp[0],'~',$tmp[1],'<br />'; } /* 返回 0~你 1~若 2~安 3~好 4~便 5~是 6~晴 7~天 */ ?>
2.list的用法
先看api是怎么说的
像 array() 一样,这不是真正的函数,而是语言结构。list()用一步操作给一组变量进行赋值。
来看一个例子:
<?php list($a,$b)=array(10,20); echo $a,'~',$b,'<br />'; //返回10~20 ?>
没错可以给一组变量赋值
再来看另外一个例子:
<?php list($a,$b,,$c)=array(2=>10,3=>20,4=>30,1=>40); echo $a,'~',$b,'~',$c,'<br />'; //返回notice~40~20 //执行到$a的时候返回给我一个notice:说数组没有0键 ?>
按照一般的想法应该会返回:10~20~40
为什么会返回这个notice~40~20呢?
答: 这涉及到list的运行机制,list是这么赋值的
首先:不要管右边的数组,看List里面的变量,从左到右应该是 $a = arr[0] $b=arr[1] $c=arr[3]
然后:从右到左开始赋值,赋值的顺序是 $c=arr[3] $b=arr[1] $a=arr[0]
所以$c=20 $b = 40 因为没有arr[0],所以$a给了一个警告
3.用each和list实现数组的遍历
<?php $arr = array('你','若','安','好','便','是','晴','天'); for(;list($k,$v)=each($arr);){ echo $k,'~',$v,'<br />'; } /* return: 0~你 1~若 2~安 3~好 4~便 5~是 6~晴 7~天 */ ?>

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