与数据库连接
4.据库连接
通过PHP你可以轻松的连接到数据库,请求数据并将其显示在你的web站点中,甚至修改数据库中的数据。MySQL是一种很流行的数据库,并且在互联网中有许多有关PHP与MySQL的教程。MySQL是免费的,这一点也许就吸引了不少人。由于其广泛应用,我就不想在这里赘述MySQL的使用方法了。Oracle被大量在企业应用中采用,因此我们就利用Oracle来介绍PHP与数据库的连接。我们当然不会提及Oracle数据库的设计原理,原因是这已经超出了我们的讨论范围。
PHP提供了两套函数与Oracle连接,分别是ORA_和OCI函数。其中ORA_函数略显陈旧。OCI函数更新据说更好一些。两者的使用语法几乎相差无几。如前所述,你的PHP安装选项应该可以支持两者的使用。
想获得更多有关在Microsoft Windows平台上安装支持PHP3的Apache服务器的知识以及更多有关Oracle数据库的知识,请查阅以下URL:www.csoft.net/~vsbabu/articles/oraphp.html。
4.1 连接
if ($conn=Ora_Logon("user@TNSNAME","password"))
{
echo "SUCCESS ! Connected to database\n";
}
else
{
echo "Failed :-( Could not connect to database\n";
}
Ora_Logoff($conn);
phpinfo();
?>
以上代码使用TNSNAME(在你的tnsnames.ora文件中指明)定义的Oracle数据库名称、用户名称和密码连接数据库。在成功连接的基础上,ora_logon函数返回一个非零的连接ID并储存在变量$conn中。
4.2 查询
假设与数据库已经连接就绪,下面我们就来实际的应用对数据库的查询。下面的代码演示了一个连接并查询的典型例子:
/*
* 连接数据库并执行查询
*/
function printoraerr($in_cur)
{
// 检查Oracle是否出错
// 如果存在错误则显示
// 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数
if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))
echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."\n";
return;
}
/** 主程序 */
if (!($conn=ora_logon("user@TNSNAME","password")))
{
echo "Connection to database failed\n";
exit;
}
echo "Connected as connection - $conn
\n";
echo "Opening cursor ...
\n";
$cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor);
echo "Opened cursor - $cursor
\n";
$qry="select user,sysdate from dual";
echo "Parsing the query $qry ...
\n";
ora_parse($cursor,$qry,0); printoraerr($cursor);
echo "Query parsed
\n";
echo "Executing cursor ...
\n";
ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor);
echo "Executed cursor
\n";
echo "Fetching cursor ...
\n";
while(ora_fetch($cursor))
{
$user=ora_getcolumn($cursor,0); printoraerr($cursor);
$sysdate=ora_getcolumn($cursor,1); printoraerr($cursor);
echo " row = $user, $sysdate
\n";
}
echo "Fetched all records
\n";
echo "Closing cursor ...
\n";
ora_close($cursor);
echo "Closed cursor
\n";
echo "Logging off from oracle...
\n";
ora_logoff($conn);
echo "Logged off from oracle
\n";
?>
(译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)
4.3 显示结果
以下代码演示了怎样查询数据库并将结果输出:
function printoraerr($in_cur, $conn)
{
// 检查Oracle是否出错
// 如果存在错误则显示
// 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数
// If it encountered an error, we exit immediately
if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))
{
echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."
n";
ora_logoff($conn);
exit;
}
return;
}
function exequery($w_qry,$conn)
{
$cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
ora_parse($cursor,$w_qry,0); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
$numrows=0;
$w_numcols=ora_numcols($cursor);
// 显示头部
echo "
\n";\n"; \n";
for ($i=0;$i{
$align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";
echo "\t".ora_columnname($cursor,$i)." \n";
}
echo "
while(ora_fetch($cursor))
{
echo "\n"; \n";
for ($i=0;$i{
$align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";
if(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="LONG")
echo " \n";".<br>ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."
else
echo "".ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)." \n";
printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
}
$numrows++;
echo "
}
if ($numrows==0)
echo " \n";Query returned no records
else
{
echo "\n"; \n";
echo "Count \n";
echo "$numrows \n";
echo "
}
echo "
ora_close($cursor);
return;
}
// 主程序
if(!($conn=ora_logon("user@SID","password")))
{
echo "Error: Cannot connect to database\n";
exit;
}
$qry="SELECT
deptno \"Dept\"
,empno \"Emp\"
,empnm \"Name\"
,salary \"Salary\"
FROM
employee
ORDER BY 1,2";
exequery($qry);
ora_logoff($conn);
?>
(译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)
4.4 基于HTTP的Oracle登录
将以下代码加在PHP页面代码之前以确认Oracle登录。注意你必须正确设定$ SID。
if(!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER))
{
Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm=\"$SID\"");
Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
$title="Login Instructions";
echo "
\n";
You are not authorized to enter the site
exit;
}
else
{
if (!($conn=ora_logon("$PHP_AUTH_USER@$SID",$PHP_AUTH_PW)))
{
Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm=\"$SID\"");
Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
$title="Login Instructions";
echo "
\n";
You are not authorised to enter the site
exit;
}
}
?>

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system. 1) Create database and tables: Use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE commands. 2) Basic operations: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and SELECT. 3) Advanced operations: JOIN, subquery and transaction processing. 4) Debugging skills: Check syntax, data type and permissions. 5) Optimization suggestions: Use indexes, avoid SELECT* and use transactions.

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

In PHP8, match expressions are a new control structure that returns different results based on the value of the expression. 1) It is similar to a switch statement, but returns a value instead of an execution statement block. 2) The match expression is strictly compared (===), which improves security. 3) It avoids possible break omissions in switch statements and enhances the simplicity and readability of the code.

In PHP, you can effectively prevent CSRF attacks by using unpredictable tokens. Specific methods include: 1. Generate and embed CSRF tokens in the form; 2. Verify the validity of the token when processing the request.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.
