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从MySQL数据库表中取出随机数据的代码

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:31 PM
mysql code exist how data database of in the table random

MySQL 如何从表中取出随机数据 
以前在群里讨论过这个问题,比较的有意思.mysql的语法真好玩.

他们原来都想用PHP的实现随机,但取出多条好像要进行两次以上查询.

翻了手册,找到了下面这个语句,可以完成任务了

SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 5;

rand在手册里是这么说的:
RAND() 
RAND(N) 
返回在范围0到1.0内的随机浮点值。如果一个整数参数N被指定,它被用作种子值。 
mysql> select RAND();
        -> 0.5925
mysql> select RAND(20);
        -> 0.1811
mysql> select RAND(20);
        -> 0.1811
mysql> select RAND();
        -> 0.2079
mysql> select RAND();
        -> 0.7888
你不能在一个ORDER BY子句用RAND()值使用列,因为ORDER BY将重复计算列多次。然而在MySQL3.23中,你可以做: SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY RAND(),这是有利于得到一个来自SELECT * FROM table1,table2 WHERE a=b AND c
但我试了一下,8千条记录的表,执行一次需要0.08 sec,.慢了些

后来请教了google,得到如下代码

SELECT *
  FROM table_name AS r1 JOIN 
       (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * 
                     (SELECT MAX(id) 
                        FROM table_name)) AS id)
        AS r2 
WHERE r1.id >= r2.id 
ORDER BY r1.id ASC 
LIMIT 5;

执行效率需要0.02 sec.可惜的是,只有mysql 4.1.*以上才支持这样的子查询. 

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