Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 深入懂得PHP内核(五)函数的内部结构

深入懂得PHP内核(五)函数的内部结构

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:28 PM
function name zend

深入理解PHP内核(五)函数的内部结构

php的函数包括用户定义的函数、内部函数(print_r count...)、匿名函数、变量函数($func = 'print_r'; $func(array('a','b'));)

PHP内核源码中将函数分为以下类型

<span style="color: #0000ff;">#define</span> ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION              1<span style="color: #0000ff;">#define</span> ZEND_USER_FUNCTION                  2  <span style="color: #0000ff;">#define</span> ZEND_OVERLOADED_FUNCTION            3<span style="color: #0000ff;">#define</span> ZEND_EVAL_CODE                      4<span style="color: #0000ff;">#define</span> ZEND_OVERLOADED_FUNCTION_TEMPORARY  5
Copy after login

一、用户函数(ZEND_USER_FUNCTION)

  函数不一定显式的有返回值,在PHP的实现中即使没有显式的返回,PHP内核也会帮我们返回NULL。

  ZEND在执行过程中,会将运行时信息存储于_zend_execute_data中:

<span style="color: #0000ff;">struct</span><span style="color: #000000;"> _zend_execute_data {    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">...省略部分代码</span><span style="color: #000000;">    zend_function_state function_state;    zend_function </span>*fbc; <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Function Being Called </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>    <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">...省略部分代码</span>};
Copy after login

  在程序初始化的过程中,function_state也会进行初始化,function_state由两个部分组成:

typedef <span style="color: #0000ff;">struct</span><span style="color: #000000;"> _zend_function_state {    zend_function </span>*<span style="color: #000000;">function;    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> **<span style="color: #000000;">arguments;} zend_function_state;</span>
Copy after login

  *arguments是一个指向函数参数的指针,而函数体本事存储于*function中,*function是一个zend_function结构体,它最终存储了用户自定义函数的一切信息,具体结构如下:

<span style="color: #000000;">typedef union _zend_function {    zend_uchar type;    </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> MUST be the first element of this struct! </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>     <span style="color: #0000ff;">struct</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {        zend_uchar type;  </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> never used </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>        <span style="color: #0000ff;">char</span> *function_name;    <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">函数名称</span>        zend_class_entry *scope; <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">函数所在的类作用域</span>        zend_uint fn_flags;     <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">函数类型,如用户自定义则为 #define </span>ZEND_USER_FUNCTION <span style="color: #800080;">2</span><span style="color: #000000;">          union _zend_function </span>*prototype; <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">函数原型</span>        zend_uint num_args;     <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">参数数目</span>        zend_uint required_num_args; <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">需要的参数数目</span>        zend_arg_info *arg_info;  <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">参数信息指针</span><span style="color: #000000;">        zend_bool pass_rest_by_reference;        unsigned </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">char</span> return_reference;  <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">返回值</span><span style="color: #000000;">    } common;     zend_op_array op_array;   </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">函数中的操作</span><span style="color: #000000;">?    zend_internal_function internal_function;  } zend_function;</span>
Copy after login

  zend_function的结构体中的op_array存储了该函数中的所有操作,当函数被调用时,ZEND就会将这个op_array中的opline一条条顺序执行,并将最后的结果返回。函数的定义和执行是分开的,一个函数可以作为一个独立的运行单元存在。

二、内部函数(ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION)

  ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION函数是由扩展或者Zend/PHP内核提供的,用c/c++编写,可以直接执行的函数,以下为内部函数的结构

typedef <span style="color: #0000ff;">struct</span><span style="color: #000000;"> _zend_internal_function {    </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Common elements </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #000000;">    zend_uchar type;    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">char</span> *<span style="color: #000000;"> function_name;    zend_class_entry </span>*<span style="color: #000000;">scope;    zend_uint fn_flags;    union _zend_function </span>*<span style="color: #000000;">prototype;    zend_uint num_args;    zend_uint required_num_args;    zend_arg_info </span>*<span style="color: #000000;">arg_info;    zend_bool pass_rest_by_reference;    unsigned </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">char</span><span style="color: #000000;"> return_reference;    </span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> END of common elements </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>     <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> (*<span style="color: #000000;">handler)(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS);    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">struct</span> _zend_module_entry *<span style="color: #000000;">module;} zend_internal_function;</span>
Copy after login

  在模块初始化的时候,ZE会遍历每个载入的扩展模块,然后将模块中function_entry中指明的每一个函数(module->functions),创建一个zend_internal_function结构,并将其type设置为ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION,将这个结构填入全局的函数表(HashTable结构);函数设置及注册过程见Zend/zene_API.c文件中的zend_register_function函数,这个函数除了处理函数页也处理类的方法,包括那些魔术方法。

  内部函数的结构与用户自定义函数结构基本类似,有一些不同:

  •   调用方法,handler字段,如果是ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION,那么ZEND就会调用zend_execute_internal,通过zend_internal_function.handler来执行这个函数。而用户自定义函数需要生成中间代码,然后通过中间代码映射到相对就把方法调用。
  • 内置函数在结构中多了一个module字段,表示属于哪个模块。不同的扩展模块不同
  • type字段,在用户自定义函数中,type字段几乎无用,而内置函数中的type字段作为几种内部函数的区分。

三、变量函数

  如果一个变量名后边有圆括号,php将寻找与变量的值同名的函数,并且尝试执行。

  变量函数$func

$func = <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">print_r</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">;$func(</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">i am print_r function.</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>);
Copy after login

  编译后中间代码

function name:  (<span style="color: #0000ff;">null</span><span style="color: #000000;">)number of ops:  </span><span style="color: #800080;">9</span><span style="color: #000000;">compiled vars:  </span>!<span style="color: #800080;">0</span> =<span style="color: #000000;"> $funcline     # </span>*  op                           fetch          ext  <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> operands</span>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------   <span style="color: #800080;">2</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">0</span>  ><span style="color: #000000;">   EXT_STMT         </span><span style="color: #800080;">1</span>      ASSIGN                                                   !<span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">print_r</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>   <span style="color: #800080;">3</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">2</span><span style="color: #000000;">      EXT_STMT         </span><span style="color: #800080;">3</span>      INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME                                       !<span style="color: #800080;">0</span>         <span style="color: #800080;">4</span><span style="color: #000000;">      EXT_FCALL_BEGIN         </span><span style="color: #800080;">5</span><span style="color: #000000;">      SEND_VAL                                                 </span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">i+am+print_r+function.</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>         <span style="color: #800080;">6</span>      DO_FCALL_BY_NAME                              <span style="color: #800080;">1</span>         <span style="color: #800080;">7</span><span style="color: #000000;">      EXT_FCALL_END         </span><span style="color: #800080;">8</span>    > RETURN                                  1
Copy after login

  内部函数

print_r(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">i am print_r function.</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>);
Copy after login

  编译后中间代码

function name:  (<span style="color: #0000ff;">null</span><span style="color: #000000;">)number of ops:  </span><span style="color: #800080;">6</span><span style="color: #000000;">compiled vars:  noneline     # </span>*  op                           fetch          ext  <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;">  operands</span>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------   <span style="color: #800080;">2</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">0</span>  ><span style="color: #000000;">   EXT_STMT         </span><span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">      EXT_FCALL_BEGIN         </span><span style="color: #800080;">2</span><span style="color: #000000;">      SEND_VAL                                                 </span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">i+am+print_r+function.</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>         <span style="color: #800080;">3</span>      DO_FCALL                                      <span style="color: #800080;">1</span>          <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">print_r</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>         <span style="color: #800080;">4</span><span style="color: #000000;">      EXT_FCALL_END         </span><span style="color: #800080;">5</span>    > RETURN                                                   <span style="color: #800080;">1</span>
Copy after login

  对比发现,二者在调用中间代码上存在一些区别,变量函数是DO_FCALL_BY_NAME,而内部函数是DO_FCALL。这在语法解析时就已经决定了,见Zend/zend_complie.c文件的zend_do_end_function_call函数中部分代码:

<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (!is_method && !is_dynamic_fcall && function_name->op_type==<span style="color: #000000;">IS_CONST) {        opline</span>->opcode =<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_DO_FCALL;        opline</span>->op1 = *<span style="color: #000000;">function_name;        ZVAL_LONG(</span>&opline-><span style="color: #000000;">op2.u.constant, zend_hash_func(Z_STRVAL(function_name</span>->u.constant), Z_STRLEN(function_name->u.constant) + <span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">));    } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {        opline</span>->opcode =<span style="color: #000000;"> ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME;        SET_UNUSED(opline</span>-><span style="color: #000000;">op1);    }</span>
Copy after login

  如果不是方法,并且不是动态调用,并且函数名为字符串变量,则其生成的中间代码为ZEND_DO_FCALL。其他情况则为ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME。另外将变量函数作为回调函数,其处理过程在Zend/zend_complie.c文件的zend_do_pass_param函数中,最终会体现在中间代码执行过程中的ZEND_SEND_VAL_SPEC_CONST_HADNLER等函数中。

 

四、匿名函数

  匿名函数是一类不需要指定表示符,而又可以被调用的函数或子例程,匿名函数可以方便的作为参数传递给其他函数。

  

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1658
14
PHP Tutorial
1257
29
C# Tutorial
1231
24
What does function mean? What does function mean? Aug 04, 2023 am 10:33 AM

Function means function. It is a reusable code block with specific functions. It is one of the basic components of a program. It can accept input parameters, perform specific operations, and return results. Its purpose is to encapsulate a reusable block of code. code to improve code reusability and maintainability.

PHP Implementation Framework: Zend Framework Getting Started Tutorial PHP Implementation Framework: Zend Framework Getting Started Tutorial Jun 19, 2023 am 08:09 AM

PHP implementation framework: ZendFramework introductory tutorial ZendFramework is an open source website framework developed by PHP and is currently maintained by ZendTechnologies. ZendFramework adopts the MVC design pattern and provides a series of reusable code libraries to serve the implementation of Web2.0 applications and Web Serve. ZendFramework is very popular and respected by PHP developers and has a wide range of

How to use ACL (Access Control List) for permission control in Zend Framework How to use ACL (Access Control List) for permission control in Zend Framework Jul 29, 2023 am 09:24 AM

How to use ACL (AccessControlList) for permission control in Zend Framework Introduction: In a web application, permission control is a crucial function. It ensures that users can only access the pages and features they are authorized to access and prevents unauthorized access. The Zend framework provides a convenient way to implement permission control, using the ACL (AccessControlList) component. This article will introduce how to use ACL in Zend Framework

What is the purpose of the 'enumerate()' function in Python? What is the purpose of the 'enumerate()' function in Python? Sep 01, 2023 am 11:29 AM

In this article, we will learn about enumerate() function and the purpose of “enumerate()” function in Python. What is the enumerate() function? Python's enumerate() function accepts a data collection as a parameter and returns an enumeration object. Enumeration objects are returned as key-value pairs. The key is the index corresponding to each item, and the value is the items. Syntax enumerate(iterable,start) Parameters iterable - The passed in data collection can be returned as an enumeration object, called iterablestart - As the name suggests, the starting index of the enumeration object is defined by start. if we ignore

Detailed explanation of the role and function of the MySQL.proc table Detailed explanation of the role and function of the MySQL.proc table Mar 16, 2024 am 09:03 AM

Detailed explanation of the role and function of the MySQL.proc table. MySQL is a popular relational database management system. When developers use MySQL, they often involve the creation and management of stored procedures (StoredProcedure). The MySQL.proc table is a very important system table. It stores information related to all stored procedures in the database, including the name, definition, parameters, etc. of the stored procedures. In this article, we will explain in detail the role and functionality of the MySQL.proc table

php提交表单通过后,弹出的对话框怎样在当前页弹出,该如何解决 php提交表单通过后,弹出的对话框怎样在当前页弹出,该如何解决 Jun 13, 2016 am 10:23 AM

php提交表单通过后,弹出的对话框怎样在当前页弹出php提交表单通过后,弹出的对话框怎样在当前页弹出而不是在空白页弹出?想实现这样的效果:而不是空白页弹出:------解决方案--------------------如果你的验证用PHP在后端,那么就用Ajax;仅供参考:HTML code

The usage and function of Vue.use function The usage and function of Vue.use function Jul 24, 2023 pm 06:09 PM

Usage and Function of Vue.use Function Vue is a popular front-end framework that provides many useful features and functions. One of them is the Vue.use function, which allows us to use plugins in Vue applications. This article will introduce the usage and function of the Vue.use function and provide some code examples. The basic usage of the Vue.use function is very simple, just call it before Vue is instantiated, passing in the plugin you want to use as a parameter. Here is a simple example: //Introduce and use the plug-in

clearstatcache() function in PHP clearstatcache() function in PHP Sep 07, 2023 am 09:33 AM

The clearstatcache() function is used to clear the file status cache. PHP caches the information returned by the following functions −stat()lstat()file_exists()is_writable()is_readable()is_executable()is_file()is_dir()filegroup()fileowner()filesize()filetype()fileperms() What to do To provide better performance. Syntax voidclearstatecache() Parameter NA Return value clearstatcache(

See all articles