PHP学习 运算符与运算符优先级
算术运算符
运算符 名称 结果
$a + $b 加法 $a 和 $b 的和
$a - $b 减法 $a 和 $b 的差
$a * $b 乘法 $a 和 $b 的积
$a / $b 除法 $a 除以 $b 的商
$a % $b 取模 $a 除以 $b 的余数
递增/递减运算符
运算符 名称 结果
++$a 前加 $a 的值加一,然后进行操作
$a++ 后加 $a 的值先进行操作,后加一
--$a 前减 $a 的值减一,然后进行操作
$a-- 后减 $a 的值先进行操作,后减一
实例:
echo $a=5+”5th”; //输出:10
echo 10%3; //输出:1
echo 10+ $a++; //输出:20
echo 5- --$a; //输出:-5
?>
比较运算符
运算符 名称 结果
$a == $b 等于 TRUE,如果$a等于$b
$a === $b 全等 TRUE,如果$a等于$b,并且它们的类型也相同
$a != $b 不等 TRUE,如果$a不等于$b
$a $b 不等 TRUE,如果$a不等于$b
$a !== $b 非全等 TRUE,如果$a不等于$b,或者它们的类型不同
$a $a > $b 大于 TRUE,如果$a严格$b
$a $a >= $b 大于等于 TRUE,如果 $a 大于或等于$b
另外一个条件运算符是“ ? : ”(或三元)运算符。
实例:
var_dump(0=="a"); //输出:bool(true)
var_dump(0=="00"); //输出:bool(true)
var_dump(0==="00"); //输出:bool(false)
var_dump(0"abc"); //输出:bool(false)
var_dump(0!=="01"); //输出:bool(true)
$a=10;
$b=20;
$str=$a>$b? "true":"false";
echo $str; //输出:false
?>
逻辑运算符
运算符 名称 结果
$a and $b 逻辑与 TRUE,如果 $a 与 $b 都为 TRUE。
$a or $b 逻辑或 TRUE,如果 $a 或 $b 任一为TRUE。
$a xor $b 异或 TRUE,如果 $a 和 $b 不同时
! $a 逻辑非 TRUE,如果 $a 不为 TRUE。
$a && $b 逻辑与 TRUE,如果 $a 与 $b 都为TRUE。
$a || $b 逻辑或 TRUE,如果 $a 或 $b 任一为TRUE。
其中and与&& 、or与||是同一逻辑运算符的两种写法。
逻辑与和逻辑或 都是短路运算符。在遇到下列逻辑表达式时,PHP解释程序将不会计算右边的表达式:
$a=10;
if(false && (++$a));
echo $a; //输出:10
$b=10;
if(true or (++$b));
echo $b; //输出:10
?>
位运算符
位运算符允许对整型数中指定的位进行置位。如果左右参数都是字符串,则位运算符将操作字符的 ASCII 值。
表达式 名称 结果
$a & $b 按位与 将把 $a 和 $b 中都为 1 的位设为 1。
$a | $b 按位或 将把 $a 或者 $b 中为 1 的位设为 1。
$a ^ $b 按位异或 将把 $a 和 $b 中不同的位设为 1。
~ $a 按位非 将 $a 中为 0 的位设为 1,反之亦然。
$a $a >> $b 右移 将 $a 中的位向右移动 $b 次(每一次 移动都表示“除以 2”)。
其他运算符
字符串运算符
有两个字符串运算符。第一个是连接运算符(“.”),它返回其左右参数连接后的字符串。第二个是连接赋值运算符(“.=”),它将右边参数附加到左边的参数后。
错误抑制操作符
在最常见的数据库连接与文件创建操作或出现除0等异常时,可以用@符号来抑制函数错误信息输出到浏览器端 $a=@(5/0)
外部命令执行
使用``来运行外部系统命令,注意不是单引号,是ESC下面那个按键
$out=`dir c:`;
print_r($out);
?>//不建议使用
实例:
$a="hello";
$a.=" world! "; //等同于:$a=$a." world!";
echo $a; //输出:hello world!
$m = 3;
$m += 5; //等同于:$m=$m+5;
echo $m; //输出:8
$c = ($b = 4) + 5;
echo $c; //输出:9
?>
运算符优先级
下表从低到高列出了运算符的优先级。
结合方向 运算符
左 ,
左 or
左 xor
左 and
右 print
右 = += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^= ~= >=
左 ? :
左 ||
左 &&
结合方向 运算符
左 |
左 ^
左 &
无 == != === !==
无 >=
左 >
左 + - .
左 * / %
右 ! ~ ++ -- (int) (float) (string) (array) (object) @
右 [
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