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PHP学习 运算符与运算符优先级

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:28 PM
php and multiplication priority Subtraction addition name and study arithmetic result operator division

算术运算符
  运算符      名称    结果            
  $a + $b      加法    $a 和 $b 的和
  $a - $b      减法    $a 和 $b 的差
  $a * $b      乘法    $a 和 $b 的积
  $a / $b      除法    $a 除以 $b 的商
  $a % $b      取模    $a 除以 $b 的余数
递增/递减运算符
  运算符    名称       结果
  ++$a   前加    $a 的值加一,然后进行操作
    $a++     后加    $a 的值先进行操作,后加一
    --$a   前减    $a 的值减一,然后进行操作
    $a--   后减    $a 的值先进行操作,后减一
实例:
  echo  $a=5+”5th”;    //输出:10
  echo  10%3;          //输出:1
  echo  10+ $a++;      //输出:20
  echo   5- --$a;        //输出:-5
?>
比较运算符
  运算符          名称         结果
  $a == $b      等于       TRUE,如果$a等于$b
  $a === $b      全等        TRUE,如果$a等于$b,并且它们的类型也相同
  $a != $b         不等       TRUE,如果$a不等于$b
  $a  $b      不等          TRUE,如果$a不等于$b
  $a !== $b       非全等    TRUE,如果$a不等于$b,或者它们的类型不同
  $a   $a > $b         大于        TRUE,如果$a严格$b
  $a   $a >= $b      大于等于  TRUE,如果 $a 大于或等于$b
  另外一个条件运算符是“  ?   :  ”(或三元)运算符。

实例:
     var_dump(0=="a");  //输出:bool(true)      
    var_dump(0=="00");      //输出:bool(true)
    var_dump(0==="00");    //输出:bool(false)
    var_dump(0"abc");   //输出:bool(false)
    var_dump(0!=="01");  //输出:bool(true) 
    $a=10;
    $b=20;
    $str=$a>$b? "true":"false"; 
    echo $str;    //输出:false 
?>
逻辑运算符
  运算符      名称      结果
  $a and $b    逻辑与    TRUE,如果 $a 与 $b 都为 TRUE。
  $a or $b    逻辑或    TRUE,如果 $a 或 $b 任一为TRUE。
  $a xor $b    异或        TRUE,如果 $a 和 $b 不同时
  ! $a              逻辑非  TRUE,如果 $a 不为 TRUE。
  $a && $b      逻辑与  TRUE,如果 $a 与 $b 都为TRUE。
  $a || $b        逻辑或  TRUE,如果 $a 或 $b 任一为TRUE。

  其中and与&& 、or与||是同一逻辑运算符的两种写法。 
  逻辑与和逻辑或 都是短路运算符。在遇到下列逻辑表达式时,PHP解释程序将不会计算右边的表达式:
        $a=10;
      if(false && (++$a));
      echo $a;      //输出:10
      $b=10;
      if(true or (++$b));
      echo $b;      //输出:10
  ?>
位运算符
  位运算符允许对整型数中指定的位进行置位。如果左右参数都是字符串,则位运算符将操作字符的 ASCII 值。
  表达式     名称      结果
  $a & $b   按位与     将把 $a 和 $b 中都为 1 的位设为 1。
  $a | $b     按位或    将把 $a 或者 $b 中为 1 的位设为 1。
  $a ^ $b   按位异或  将把 $a 和 $b 中不同的位设为 1。
  ~ $a       按位非    将 $a 中为 0 的位设为 1,反之亦然。
  $a   $a >> $b   右移      将 $a 中的位向右移动 $b 次(每一次                           移动都表示“除以 2”)。
    其他运算符
字符串运算符
有两个字符串运算符。第一个是连接运算符(“.”),它返回其左右参数连接后的字符串。第二个是连接赋值运算符(“.=”),它将右边参数附加到左边的参数后。
错误抑制操作符
在最常见的数据库连接与文件创建操作或出现除0等异常时,可以用@符号来抑制函数错误信息输出到浏览器端 $a=@(5/0)
  外部命令执行
       使用``来运行外部系统命令,注意不是单引号,是ESC下面那个按键
                  $out=`dir c:`;
              print_r($out);
        ?>//不建议使用
实例:
  $a="hello";
  $a.=" world! ";  //等同于:$a=$a." world!";
  echo $a;  //输出:hello world!  
  $m = 3;
  $m += 5;  //等同于:$m=$m+5;
  echo $m;   //输出:8

  $c = ($b = 4) + 5; 
  echo $c;  //输出:9  
?>
    运算符优先级 
下表从低到高列出了运算符的优先级。 
  结合方向    运算符
  左      ,
  左      or
  左      xor
  左      and
  右      print
  右      = += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^=                      ~=   >= 
  左      ? :
  左      ||
  左      &&
结合方向        运算符
  左      |
  左      ^
  左      &
  无      == != === !==
  无       >= 
  左      >
  左      +  -  .
  左      *  /   %
  右      ! ~ ++ -- (int) (float) (string) (array) (object) @
  右      [
  无      new

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