php多数据库支持的应用程序设计第1/2页
所以我想在主从数据库设计上,应该将所有会话相关表进行特殊对待。即:所有的会话数据表都可以更新和查询,当一个用户访问站点的时候,即将此用户绑定到指定数据库,所有会话访问和查询操作都对此数据库进行。会话表不做同步,其他非会话类更新也从主数据库更新。这样做其实也逃脱不了会话更新时候的数据库切换,所以如果不想麻烦,还是将会话存放在文本中进行的好。
分数据库设计,将可能从压力性能上会提升几个档次,当然单次执行效率不会比单数据库来的高的,毕竟存在着数据库切换的效率问题。分库以及主从数据库搭配是可以比较好改善数据库并发瓶颈的方案。原则:大数据量,分库;大访问量,主从。很多时候,都是这两者并行(本文不讨论cache)。
我想,如果要实现分库以及主从关系,那么数据库服务器数量将是非常可观,在应用程序中随时切换到某一台服务器,将是非常头痛的问题,配置更换,变量名称,是不是会有一大堆呢?如何寻找更好的解决方案将是本文谈论的话题。
首先是分库使得数据库颇多的问题。什么情况下分库?或许有些人还搞不明白为什么要分库,我就简要说一下自己的经验猜测。比如一个博客程序,一般设计是将日志存放在一张日志表中。假设是一个多用户博客,那么将会关联一个uid,如果数据量不大,这样设计是没有问题的,但是当日志量巨大,一天有几十万条日志记录录入的时候,而且访问量也比较可观的时候,我想不可能每个用户来访问日志列表,都去从这包含几千万条日志记录的数据表中去找那么几条,效率可见一斑。这个时候就该考虑到分库的问题。如何分?有一个很简单的分表方法,即,根据uid段,将日志记录在各个数据库中,当然,这个分布还是需要根据以往统计结果做出调整的,因为用户日志分布肯定不是均匀的。设置好uid段,然后根据uid索引到指定数据库配置,创建一个数据库对象即可。配置信息可能如下:
复制代码 代码如下:
$configs['db_info']['blog'][0] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.1',
'db_name' => 'blog',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
$configs['db_info']['blog'][1] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.2',
'db_name' => 'blog',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
$configs['db_info']['blog'][2] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.2',
'db_name' => 'blog',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
//...还有很多
至于选择哪一台服务器,只需要根据uid做一个简单的匹配就可以了。
再谈到的就是主从数据库了。什么情况下使用主从数据库?比如某个名人博客,访问量相当的大,已经没有办法把他的数据再进行拆分了,这个时候就得考虑主从数据库服务器了,使用多台数据库来分流。这样要适用主从和分库,可能上面配置信息得稍微改动一下。
复制代码 代码如下:
$configs['db_info']['blog'][0]['master'] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.1',
'db_name' => 'blog',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
$configs['db_info']['blog'][0]['slave'][0] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.2',
'db_name' => 'blog',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
$configs['db_info']['blog'][0]['slave'][1] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.3',
'db_name' => 'blog',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
$configs['db_info']['blog'][1]['master'] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.4',
'db_name' => 'blog',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
$configs['db_info']['blog'][1]['slave'][0] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.5',
'db_name' => 'blog',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
$configs['db_info']['blog'][1]['slave'][1] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.6',
'db_name' => 'blog',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
$configs['db_info']['session'][0]['master'] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.7',
'db_name' => 'session',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
$configs['db_info']['session'][1]['master'] = array(
'db_host' => '192.168.0.8',
'db_name' => 'session',
'db_user' => 'root',
'db_pass' => '',
);
写到这里,我想都应该知道如何分表和分配你的数据库了吧,接下去我就来说一下如何轻松的读取这样的配置信息,如何将这些配置融入你的数据库驱动中。

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