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使用PHP自带的filter函数进行数据校验
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使用PHP自带的filter函数开展数据校验

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:20 PM
array filter quot validate

使用PHP自带的filter函数进行数据校验

使用PHP自带的filter函数进行数据校验

PHP过滤器包含两种类型
Validation:用来验证验证项是否合法
Sanitization:用来格式化被验证的项目,因此它可能会修改验证项的值,将不合法的字符删除等。
参考PHP官方文档: Filter函数大全 
参考来源: http://www.lai18.com/content/410997.html

input_filters_list()


用来列出当前系统所支持的所有过滤器。

<?phpforeach(filter_list() as $id => $filter){    echo $filter.' '.filter_id($filter)."\n";}?>
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以上代码会输出如下信息
Filter Name
Filter ID
int
257
boolean
258
float
259
validate_regexp
272
validate_url
273
validate_email
274
validate_ip
275
string
513
stripped
513
encoded
514
special_chars
515
full_special_chars
522
unsafe_raw
516
email
517
url
518
number_int
519
number_float
520
magic_quotes
521
callback
1024
每个过滤器都会拥有一个独自的ID。这里的每个过滤器都能够被filter_var()函数使用。下面将会逐个介绍其使用方法。注意 ,上面的string和strippedID相同,这是因为他们是同一个过滤器,或者说是同一个过滤器的两个别名罢了。

过滤数据

使用filter_var()方法对数据进行过滤,下面是一个简单的过滤例子

<?php    /*** an integer to check ***/    $int = 1234;    /*** validate the integer ***/    echo filter_var($int, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);    //1234?>
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上面代码将会数据一个整数型的1234,因为$int变量通过的整数类型的验证,这次更换一下$int变量的内容

<?php    /*** an integer to check ***/    $int = 'abc1234';    /*** validate the integer ***/    echo filter_var($int, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);?>
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此时在运行代码,发现没有任何变量输出,这是因为$in变量没有通过验证,因此这个方法返回bool(false)。同时也需要注意 一下,即使$int=”,也会返回bool(false)

整数验证

上面的几段代码简单的验证了一个给定值是否为整数的例子。其实FILTER_VALIDATE_INT也提供了数值范围的验证,下面我们 来验证一个变量,判断它是否为整数型,并验证它的值是否在50到100之间

<?php    /*** an integer to check ***/    $int = 42;    /*** lower limit of the int ***/    $min = 50;    /*** upper limit of the int ***/    $max = 100;    /*** validate the integer ***/    echo filter_var($int, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array("min_range" => $min, "max_range" => $max));    //42?>
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运行上面的代码,发现42被输出来了,并没有发现任何错误,这是为什么啊?原来想要向验证中添加附加验证规则时候,需要传递一个含有’options‘键的数组,向下面这样:

<?php    /*** an integer to check ***/    $int = 42;    /*** lower limit of the int ***/    $min = 50;    /*** upper limit of the int ***/    $max = 100;    /*** validate the integer ***/    echo filter_var($int, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array("options" => array("min_range" => $min, "max_range" => $max)));?>
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运行上面的代码,页面不会有任何输出,因为上面返回了false,说明验证成功。
使用该方法也可以对负数进行范围验证
同时这种方式也支持单范围取值,即只是指定一个最大值或者最小值的范围,如:

<?php    /*** an integer to check ***/    $int = 12;    /*** lower limit of the int ***/    $min = 10;    /*** validate the integer ***/    echo filter_var($int, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT,array('options' => array('min_range' => $min)));    //12?>
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上述代码会验证$int是否是大于(不包括等于)$min的整数类型的值,运行代码,输出12

对一组变量进行验证

上面的这些例子只是简单的对单个值进行验证,那么如果对一组变量进行验证呢?答案是使用filter_var_array()。该函数可以同时验证多个不同类型的数据。这里先做一个简单的例子:

<?php    /*** an array of values to filter ***/    $arr = array(10,"109","", "-1234", "some text", "asdf234asdfgs", array());    /*** create an array of filtered values ***/    $filtered_array = filter_var_array($arr, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);    /*** print out the results ***/    foreach($filtered_array as $key => $value)    {        echo $key.' -- '.$value.'<br />';    }?>
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运行上述代码,输出如下:

0 -- 101 -- 1092 -- 3 -- -12344 -- 5 -- 6 -- Array
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八进制和十六进制

FILTER_VALIDATE_INT过滤器同时支持八进制和十六进制,这两种flags是:
FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_HEX
FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_OCTAL

利用数组传递flags

<?php    /*** a hex value to check ***/    $hex = "0xff";    /*** filter with HEX flag ***/    echo filter_var($hex, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array("flags" => FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_HEX));    //255?>
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Boolean验证 FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN

<?php    /*** test for a boolean value ***/    echo filter_var("true", FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);    //1?>
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上面的代码输出1,因为过滤器发现了一个有效的布尔值,下面列出了其它可以返回true的值
1
“1”
“yes”
“true”
“on”
TRUE

下列值将会返回false
0
“0”
“no”
“false”
“off”
“”
NULL
FALSE

同时也支持下面的用法

<?php    /*** a simple array ***/    $array = array(1,2,3,4,5);    /*** test for a boolean value ***/    echo filter_var(in_array(3, $array), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE";    //true?>
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在上面的代码中,先判断了in_array函数执行成功,返回了true,所以最后这段代码输出true

我们也可以传递一个数组,来判断数组中值的boolean类型

<?php    /*** a multi dimensional array ***/    $array = array(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, array(0, 1, 2, 3, 4));    /*** create the list of values ***/    $values = filter_var($array, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN, FILTER_REQUIRE_ARRAY);    /*** dump the values ***/    var_dump($values);?>
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上面代码输出如下:

array(6) {    [0] => bool(false)    [1] => bool(true)    [2] => bool(false)    [3] => bool(false)    [4] => bool(false)    [5] => array(5) {        [0] => bool(false)        [1] => bool(true)        [2] => bool(false)        [3] => bool(false)        [4] => bool(false)    }}
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浮点型验证 FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT

<?php    /*** an FLOAT value to check ***/    $float = 22.42;    /*** validate with the FLOAT flag ***/    if(filter_var($float, FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT) === false)    {        echo "$float is not valid!";    }    else    {        echo "$float is a valid floating point number";    }?>
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对数组进行浮点型验证

同其它验证一样,也可以对一个数组进行浮点型验证。与boolean验证类似,提供一个flgs FILTER_REQUIRE_ARRAY。

<?php    /*** an array of values ***/    $array = array(1.2,"1.7","", "-12345.678", "some text", "abcd4.2efgh", array());    /*** validate the array ***/    $validation_array = filter_var($array, FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT, FILTER_REQUIRE_ARRAY);    /*** dump the array of validated data ***/    var_dump($validation_array);?>
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上面的代码输出如下

array(7) {    [0] => float(1.2)    [1] => float(1.7)    [2] => bool(false)    [3] => float(-23234.123)    [4] => bool(false)    [5] => bool(false)    [6] => array(0) { }}
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浮点型过滤器支持我们指定一个数字间的分隔符

<?php    /*** an array of floats with seperators ***/    $floats = array(        "1,234" => ",",        "1.234" => "..",        "1.2e3" => ","    );    /*** validate the floats against the user defined decimal seperators ***/    foreach ($floats as $float => $dec_sep)    {        $out = filter_var($float, FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT, array("options" => array("decimal" => $dec_sep)));        /*** dump the results ***/        var_dump($out);    }?>
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在上面的代码中,$floats函数中第一个元素值为’,’,所以在判断1,234值时为其指定了分隔符为’,’,所以返回true

上面代码完整返回值
float(1.234)Warning: filter_var() [function.filter-var]: decimal separator must be one char in /www/filter.php on line 13bool(false)bool(false)
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验证URL FILTER_VALIDATE_URL

URL的验证是一项很困难的行为,由于URL的不确定性,它没有最大长度的限制,而且它的格式是多样化的,你可以通过阅读RFC 1738来了解有关URL的一些信息。之后你可以创建一个类来验证所有ipv4和ipv6的URL,以及一些其它URL的验证。你也可以简单的使用FILTER_VALIDATE_URL来验证URL。

<?php     /*** a rfc compliant web address ***/    $url = "http://www.phpro.org";    /*** try to validate the URL ***/    if(filter_var($url, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL) === FALSE)    {        /*** if there is no match ***/        echo "Sorry, $url is not valid!";    }    else    {        /*** if we match the pattern ***/        echo "The URL, $url is valid!<br />";    }?>
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上面的例子中通过简单的if语句来判断给定的URL是否合法,但并不是所有的URL都是这样的格式。有时候URL可是能是一个IP地址,也可能在URL中传递了多个参数。下面提供了几个flags来帮助我们验证URL:
FILTER_FLAG_SCHEME_REQUIRED – 要求 URL 是 RFC 兼容 URL。(比如:http://cg.am)
FILTER_FLAG_HOST_REQUIRED – 要求 URL 包含主机名(比如:http://levi.cg.com)
FILTER_FLAG_PATH_REQUIRED – 要求 URL 在主机名后存在路径(比如:http://levi.cg.am/test/phpmailer/)
FILTER_FLAG_QUERY_REQUIRED – 要求 URL 存在查询字符串(比如:http://levi.cg.am/?p=2618)

<?php    /*** a non rfc compliant URL ***/    $url = "index.php";    /*** try to validate the URL ***/    if(filter_var($url, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL, FILTER_FLAG_SCHEME_REQUIRED) === FALSE)    {        /*** if there is no match ***/        echo "Sorry, $url is not valid!";    }    else    {        /*** if the URL is valid ***/        echo "The URL, $url is valid!";    }?>
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可以发现,上面的代码没有通过验证

IP过滤器 FILTER_VALIDATE_IP

FILTER_VALIDATE_IP 过滤器把值作为 IP 进行验证。

Name: “validate_ip”

ID-number: 275

可能的标志:

FILTER_FLAG_IPV4 – 要求值是合法的 IPv4 IP(比如:255.255.255.255)
FILTER_FLAG_IPV6 – 要求值是合法的 IPv6 IP(比如:2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7334)
FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE – 要求值是 RFC 指定的私域 IP (比如 192.168.0.1)
FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE – 要求值不在保留的 IP 范围内。该标志接受 IPV4 和 IPV6 值。

Email过滤器FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL

FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL 过滤器把值作为电子邮件地址来验证。

<?php    $email = "[email&#160;protected] mple.com";    if(!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL))    {        echo "E-mail is not valid";    }    else    {        echo "E-mail is valid";    }?>
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自定义过滤器 FILTER_CALLBACK

FILTER_CALLBACK 过滤器使用用户自定义函数对值进行过滤。

这个过滤器为我们提供了对数据过滤的完全控制。

指定的函数必须存入名为 “options” 的关联数组中。

<?php    function convertSpace($string)    {        return str_replace(" ", "_", $string);    }    $string = "Peter is a great guy!";    echo filter_var($string, FILTER_CALLBACK,array("options" => "convertSpace"));?>
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输出

Peter_is_a_great_guy!
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1楼u0112524023小时前
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