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(1)php的基本知识和一些注意点

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:17 PM
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(一)php的基本知识和一些注意点

注意:任何程序,包括php,在运行时都在内存中进行,php代码需要被读取到内存中才能执行。

【php的运行方式】

1.通过服务器(例如apache)调用。

2.通过命令行调用(不需要服务器参与,因为没有访问80端口)。


【php的起始和结束符】

<?php ?>
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php语句用分号结尾,但是?>可以代替离它最近的一句的分号,原因是常常会有HTML与PHP的混合书写,省略分号,例如:

<input type="text" name="username" value="<?php echo $user?>">
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这样的一句代码,显示一个用户名输入框,并且输入框的初始值为变量$user的值。


【php的注释】

php的注释和C语言类似,使用//和#都可以注释单行,使用/* */可以注释多行。

php的流行注释标准:PHPDocumentor风格注释。

    /**     *  求和函数     *     *  @param $p1 int 被加数     *  @param $p2 int 加数     *     *  @return int 两数之和     */    function func1($p1, $p2){        return $p1 + $p2;    }
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注意:注释仅影响php代码,而不影响HTML代码(包括纯文本)。

【html的注释中的php代码】

多行注释采用,如果在其中嵌套php代码,php代码实际上执行了,但是生成的html被注释掉了,所以不会显示。

Tip:使用注释时一定要注意这一点,不要这样来注释php代码。


【php的变量】

一、概述

1.$name = 'a'; //称变量name引用了值a。一个变量包含名字空间、值空间、引用空间三部分。

引用是指变量名与变量值之间的关系。

Tip:$不是变量名的一部分,只是用来声明后面的是一个变量;变量和函数是可以重名的,使用$时代表变量名,不使用$则作为函数名。

2.php的变量名区分大小写。

3.使用var_dump()函数可以输出变量的类型和值。

4.使用unset()函数可以删除一个变量,删除变量只是将引用和变量名删除,而不会删除值空间。php有自己的垃圾回收机制,会自动释放没有被引用的值空间。

二、基本语法

值传递:$a = $b; // 值传递是值空间的拷贝。

引用传递:$a = &$b; // 引用传递是引用空间的拷贝,修改a的值同样也会修改b。


【GET与POST】

1.GET:通过请求的URL向服务器发送数据。

语法:脚本名?p1=xx&p2=xx&p3=xx

php获取GET数据:通过_GET数组。


2.POST:一般用于表单的提交。

php获取POST数据:通过_POST数组。

通过向服务器发送数据体来实现。

【简单表单的GET和POST提交】

前端:

<meta charset="UTF-8">    
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后端:

<?php echo "get:";    var_dump($_GET);    echo "<br>post:";    var_dump($_POST);?>
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Tip:无论是POST还是GET方式,数据都会存在_REQUEST变量中,如果GET和POST同时出现,则_REQUEST中一般保存_POST的值(根据php的配置可以修改_REQUEST保存哪一个,通过php.ini的request_order="GP",GP表示GET在POST前面,因此POST数据可以重写GET数据)。
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