php开发之数组(1)
php开发之数组(一)
数组是一组数据的集合,把一系列的数据结合起来,形成一个可操作的整体。数组array是一组有序变量,其中每个变量被称为一个元素。每个元素由一个特殊的标识符来区分,这个标识符称为键(也称为下标)。数组中的每个实体包含两个项:键和值。可以通过键值来获取相应的数组元素。
在php中数组的声明主要有两种方式:一种是利用array()函数来声明数组,另一种方法是直接为数组元素赋值的方法来声明数组。
利用array()声明函数的方法如下:
array([mixed]…)
参数mixed的语法为key =>value ,多个参数mixed间用逗号分开,分别定义了索引和值。索引值可以是字符串或数字。如果省略了索引,则会自动产生从0开始的整数索引。
利用array()声明数组代码如下:
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span><span class="hljs-variable">$array</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Jack"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"Bruce"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"hero"</span>);print_r(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>);<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>
运行结果如下:
一维数组
当一个数组的元素是变量时,则称这个数组为一位数组。一维数组是最普通的数组,它只保存一列内容。
二维数组
一个数组的元素如果是一维数组,则称这个数组是二维数组。
下面用具体的实例来声明一个二维数组,代码如下:
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span><span class="hljs-variable">$array</span> =<span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"老师"</span>=><span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"男老师"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"女老师"</span>),<span class="hljs-string">"动物"</span>=><span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"哺乳动物"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"鸟类"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"鱼类"</span>));print_r(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>);<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>
运行结果如下:
遍历数组
使用foreach结构遍历数组。foreach结构并非对数组结构本身操作,而是对数组的一个备份进行操作。
利用foreach结构对数组进行遍历的代码如下:
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span><span class="hljs-variable">$array</span> =<span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'jack'</span>=><span class="hljs-string">'jack is a teacher'</span>,<span class="hljs-string">'Lisa'</span>=><span class="hljs-string">'Lisa is an actress'</span>,<span class="hljs-string">'Fits'</span>=><span class="hljs-string">'Fits is a scientist'</span>);<span class="hljs-keyword">foreach</span>(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$value</span>){<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$value</span>.<span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span>; }<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>
运行结果如下:

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