Home php教程 php手册 php中使用exec,system等函数调用系统命令的方法(不建议使用,可导致安全问题)

php中使用exec,system等函数调用系统命令的方法(不建议使用,可导致安全问题)

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:58 AM
exec php system No use function Can Order Safety lead to suggestion method of system transfer question

php的内置函数exec,system都可以调用系统命令(shell命令),当然还有passthru,escapeshellcmd等函数。

在很多时候利用php的exec,system等函数调用系统命令可以帮助我们更好更快的完成工作。比如前二天笔者在批量处理.rar文件时exec就帮我了大忙了。

今天整理一下常用的调用系统函数发出来和大家分享经验。

注意:要想使用这二个函数php.ini中的安全模式必须关闭,要不然为了安全起见php是不让调用系统命令的。

先看一下php手册对这二个函数的解释:

  exec --- 执行外部程式

  语法 : string exec ( string command [, array &output [, int &return_var]] )

  说明 :

  exec( )执行给予的命令command,不过它并不会输出任何东西,它简单的从命令的结果中传回最后一行,如果你需要去执行一个命令,并且从命令去取得所有资料时,可以使用passthru( )这个函数。

  如果有给予参数array,则指定的数组将会被命令所输出的每一行填满,注意 : 如果数组先前已经包含了一些元素的话,exec( )将会把它附加在数组的后面,如果你不想要此函数附加元素的话,你可以在传递此数组给exec( )之前呼叫unset( )。

  如果有给予参数array和return_var,则传回执行的状态命令将会写到这个变量。

  注意 : 如果你允许来自使用者输入的资料,可以传递到此函数,那么你应该使用escapeshellcmd( )来确定此使用者无法哄骗(trick)系统来执行武断的(arbitrary)命令。

  注意 : 如果你使用此函数来启动一个程式,而且希望在背景里(background)执行的时候离开它,你必须确定此程式的输出是转向(redirected)到一个文件或是一些输出的资料流,否则PHP将会悬挂(hang)直到程式执行结束。

  system --- 执行外部程式并且显示输出

  语法 : string system ( string command [, int &return_var] )

  说明 :

  system( )执行给予的命令command,并且输出结果。如果有给予参数return_var,则执行命令的状态码将会写到这个变量。

  注意 : 如果你允许来自使用者输入的资料,可以传递到此函数,那么你应该使用escapeshellcmd( )来确定此使用者无法哄骗(trick)系统来执行武断的(arbitrary)命令。

  注意 : 如果你使用此函数来启动一个程式,而且希望在背景里(background)执行的时候离开它,你必须确定此程式的输出是转向(redirected)到一个文件或是一些输出的资料流,否则PHP将会悬挂(hang)直到程式执行结束。

  如果PHP是运作成伺服器模组,在输出每一行后,system( )会试着自动地清除web伺服器的输出缓冲。

  成功则传回命令的最后一行,失败则传回false。

  如果你需要去执行一个命令,并且从命令去取得所有资料时,可以使用passthru( )这个函数。

  这二个都是用来调用系统shell命令,

  不同点:

  exec可以把执行的结果全部返回到$output函数里(数组),$status是执行的状态 0为成功 1为失败

  systerm不需要提供$output函数,他是直接把结果返回出来,同样$return_var是执行的状态码 0为成功 1为失败

exec示例:

复制代码 代码如下:


$a = exec("dir",$out,$status);
print_r($a);
print_r($out);
print_r($status);
?>


system示例:

复制代码 代码如下:


$a = system("dir",$out);
print_r($a);
print_r($out);
?>


system、exce、passthru区别
system() 输出并返回最后一行shell结果。
exec() 不输出结果,返回最后一行shell结果,所有结果可以保存到一个返回的数组里面。
passthru() 只调用命令,把命令的运行结果原样地直接输出到标准输出设备上。
相同点:都可以获得命令执行的状态码
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