对象实例化的方式有哪些?
对象实例化的方式有:1、使用new关键字;2、使用Class类的newInstance方法;3、使用Constructor类的newInstance方法;4、使用clone方法;5、使用反序列化。
对象实例化的几种方式
1、使用new关键字
这是最常见也是最简单的创建对象的方式了。通过这种方式,我们可以调用任意的构造函数(无参的和带参数的)。
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2、使用Class类的newInstance方法
我们也可以使用Class类的newInstance方法创建对象。这个newInstance方法调用无参的构造函数创建对象。
我们可以通过下面方式调用newInstance方法创建对象:
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3、使用Constructor类的newInstance方法
和Class类的newInstance方法很像, java.lang.reflect.Constructor类里也有一个newInstance方法可以创建对象。我们可以通过这个newInstance方法调用有参数的和私有的构造函数。
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这两种newInstance方法就是大家所说的反射。事实上Class的newInstance方法内部调用Constructor的newInstance方法。
这也是众多框架,如Spring、Hibernate、Struts等使用后者的原因。
4、使用clone方法
无论何时我们调用一个对象的clone方法,jvm就会创建一个新的对象,将前面对象的内容全部拷贝进去。用clone方法创建对象并不会调用任何构造函数。
要使用clone方法,我们需要先实现Cloneable接口并实现其定义的clone方法。
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5、使用反序列化
当我们序列化和反序列化一个对象,jvm会给我们创建一个单独的对象。在反序列化时,jvm创建对象并不会调用任何构造函数。
为了反序列化一个对象,我们需要让我们的类实现Serializable接口
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我们从上面的字节码片段可以看到,除了第1个方法,其他4个方法全都转变为invokevirtual(创建对象的直接方法),
第一个方法转变为两个调用,new和invokespecial(构造函数调用)。
下面的Java程序中,我们将用5种方式创建Employee对象。你可以从GitHub找到这些代码
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