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对象实例化的方式有哪些?

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:57 AM
java Object instantiation

对象实例化的方式有:1、使用new关键字;2、使用Class类的newInstance方法;3、使用Constructor类的newInstance方法;4、使用clone方法;5、使用反序列化。

对象实例化的方式有哪些?

对象实例化的几种方式

1、使用new关键字

这是最常见也是最简单的创建对象的方式了。通过这种方式,我们可以调用任意的构造函数(无参的和带参数的)。

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Employee emp1 = new Employee();

0: new           #19          // class org/programming/mitra/exercises/Employee

3: dup

4: invokespecial #21          // Method org/programming/mitra/exercises/Employee."":()V

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2、使用Class类的newInstance方法

我们也可以使用Class类的newInstance方法创建对象。这个newInstance方法调用无参的构造函数创建对象。

我们可以通过下面方式调用newInstance方法创建对象:

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Employee emp2 = (Employee) Class.forName("org.programming.mitra.exercises.Employee").newInstance();

或者

 

Employee emp2 = Employee.class.newInstance();

51: invokevirtual    #70    // Method java/lang/Class.newInstance:()Ljava/lang/Object;

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3、使用Constructor类的newInstance方法

和Class类的newInstance方法很像, java.lang.reflect.Constructor类里也有一个newInstance方法可以创建对象。我们可以通过这个newInstance方法调用有参数的和私有的构造函数。

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Constructor<Employee> constructor = Employee.class.getConstructor();

Employee emp3 = constructor.newInstance();

111: invokevirtual  #80  // Method java/lang/reflect/Constructor.newInstance:([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;

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这两种newInstance方法就是大家所说的反射。事实上Class的newInstance方法内部调用Constructor的newInstance方法。
这也是众多框架,如Spring、Hibernate、Struts等使用后者的原因。

4、使用clone方法

无论何时我们调用一个对象的clone方法,jvm就会创建一个新的对象,将前面对象的内容全部拷贝进去。用clone方法创建对象并不会调用任何构造函数。

要使用clone方法,我们需要先实现Cloneable接口并实现其定义的clone方法。

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Employee emp4 = (Employee) emp3.clone();

162: invokevirtual #87  // Method org/programming/mitra/exercises/Employee.clone ()Ljava/lang/Object;

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5、使用反序列化

当我们序列化和反序列化一个对象,jvm会给我们创建一个单独的对象。在反序列化时,jvm创建对象并不会调用任何构造函数。
为了反序列化一个对象,我们需要让我们的类实现Serializable接口

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ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("data.obj"));

Employee emp5 = (Employee) in.readObject();

261: invokevirtual  #118   // Method java/io/ObjectInputStream.readObject:()Ljava/lang/Object;

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我们从上面的字节码片段可以看到,除了第1个方法,其他4个方法全都转变为invokevirtual(创建对象的直接方法),

第一个方法转变为两个调用,new和invokespecial(构造函数调用)。

下面的Java程序中,我们将用5种方式创建Employee对象。你可以从GitHub找到这些代码

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public class ObjectCreation {

    public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {

        // By using new keyword

        Employee emp1 = new Employee();

        emp1.setName("Naresh");

        System.out.println(emp1 + ", hashcode : " + emp1.hashCode());

        // By using Class class&#39;s newInstance() method

        Employee emp2 = (Employee) Class.forName("org.programming.mitra.exercises.Employee")

                               .newInstance();

        // Or we can simply do this

        // Employee emp2 = Employee.class.newInstance();

        emp2.setName("Rishi");

        System.out.println(emp2 + ", hashcode : " + emp2.hashCode());

        // By using Constructor class&#39;s newInstance() method

        Constructor<Employee> constructor = Employee.class.getConstructor();

        Employee emp3 = constructor.newInstance();

        emp3.setName("Yogesh");

        System.out.println(emp3 + ", hashcode : " + emp3.hashCode());

        // By using clone() method

        Employee emp4 = (Employee) emp3.clone();

        emp4.setName("Atul");

        System.out.println(emp4 + ", hashcode : " + emp4.hashCode());

        // By using Deserialization

        // Serialization

        ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("data.obj"));

        out.writeObject(emp4);

        out.close();

        //Deserialization

        ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("data.obj"));

        Employee emp5 = (Employee) in.readObject();

        in.close();

        emp5.setName("Akash");

        System.out.println(emp5 + ", hashcode : " + emp5.hashCode());

    }

}

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