Home php教程 php手册 PHP关联数组的10个操作技巧

PHP关联数组的10个操作技巧

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:56 AM
php What use association exist develop Skill operate array yes of conduct

什么是数组?
在使用 PHP 进行开发的过程中,或早或晚,您会需要创建许多相似的变量。
无需很多相似的变量,你可以把数据作为元素存储在数组中。
数组中的元素都有自己的 ID,因此可以方便地访问它们。
关联数组
关联数组,它的每个 ID 键都关联一个值。
在存储有关具体命名的值的数据时,使用数值数组不是最好的做法。
通过关联数组,我们可以把值作为键,并向它们赋值。
这篇文章将介绍10个操作PHP关联数组的技巧,熟练运用能帮助你提高开发效率。
1、添加数组元素
PHP是一种弱类型语言,这意味着你不需要显示声明一个数组及其大小,相反,你可以同时声明并填充数组。
$capitals = array(
'Alabama' => 'Montgomery',
'Alaska' => 'Juneau',
'Arizona' => 'Phoenix'
); 额外的数组元素可以象下面这样追加:
$capitals['Arkansas'] = 'Little Rock'; 如果你正在处理数字索引数组,你可能想使用显示命名的函数前置和追加元素,如array_push()和array_unshift()函数,但这些函数不能操作关联数组。
2、删除数组元素
如果要从数组中删除一个元素,请使用unset()函数,如:
unset($capitals['California']); 使用数字索引数组时,删除数组元素的办法更多,更灵活,可以使用array_shift()和array_pop()函数分别从数组的开头和末尾删除一个元素。
3、交换键和值
假设你想创建一个名叫$states的新数组,使用州府作为索引,使用州名作为关联值,使用array_flip()函数很容易完成这个任务。

复制代码 代码如下:


$capitals = array(
'Alabama' => 'Montgomery',
'Alaska' => 'Juneau',
'Arizona' => 'Phoenix'
);
$states = array_flip($capitals);
// $states = array(
// 'Montgomery' => string 'Alabama',
// 'Juneau' => string 'Alaska',
// 'Phoenix' => string 'Arizona'
// );


4、合并数组
假设前面的数组由一个基于Web的“FlashCard”服务使用,你想提供一种方法测试学生对美国各州首府的掌握情况,你可以使用array_merge()函数合并包含州和首府的数组。

复制代码 代码如下:


$stateCapitals = array(
'Alabama' => 'Montgomery',
'Alaska' => 'Juneau',
'Arizona' => 'Phoenix'
);
$countryCapitals = array (
'Australia' => 'Canberra',
'Austria' => 'Vienna',
'Algeria' => 'Algiers'
);
$capitals = array_merge($stateCapitals, $countryCapitals);


5、编辑数组值
假设在数组中的数据包含大小写错误,在插入到数据库之前,你想纠正这些错误,你可以使用array_map()函数给每个数组元素应用一个回调。

复制代码 代码如下:


function capitalize($element)
{
$element = strtolower($element);
return ucwords($element);
}
$capitals = array(
'Alabama' => 'montGoMEry',
'Alaska' => 'Juneau',
'Arizona' => 'phoeniX'
);
$capitals = array_map("capitalize", $capitals);


6、按键对数组排序
FlashCard程序常常使用各种排序,如按字母顺序排序,你可以使用ksort()函数按键对关联数组进行排序。

复制代码 代码如下:


$capitals = array(
'Arizona' => 'Phoenix',
'Alaska' => 'Juneau',
'Alabama' => 'Montgomery'
);
ksort($capitals);


因为数组是通过参数传递给ksort()函数的,意味着你不再需要将排序结果分配给另一个变量。
7、随机数组排序
在FlashCard程序中还涉及到另一种随机排序技术,这时你要使用shuffle()函数实现数组项目的随机排序。

复制代码 代码如下:


$capitals = array(
'Arizona' => 'Phoenix',
'Alaska' => 'Juneau',
'Alabama' => 'Montgomery'
);
shuffle($capitals);


如果不需要打乱数组顺序,你只是想随机选择一个值,那么使用array_rand()函数即可。
8、确定键和值是否存在
你可以使用in_array()函数确定一个数组元素是否存在。

复制代码 代码如下:


$capitals = array(
'Arizona' => 'Phoenix',
'Alaska' => 'Juneau',
'Alabama' => 'Montgomery'
);
if (in_array("Juneau", $capitals))
{
echo "Exists!";
} else {
echo "Does not exist!";
}


很少有人知道这个函数也可以确定一个数组键是否存在,在这一点上,它和array_key_exists()函数的功能一样。

复制代码 代码如下:


$capitals = array(
'Arizona' => 'Phoenix',
'Alaska' => 'Juneau',
'Alabama' => 'Montgomery'
);
if (array_key_exists("Alaska", $capitals))
{
echo "Key exists!";
} else {
echo "Key does not exist!";
}


9、搜索数组
你可能想搜索数组资源,这样用户就可以方便地用一个特定的州府检索关联的州,可以通过array_search()函数实现数组搜索。

复制代码 代码如下:


$capitals = array(
'Arizona' => 'Phoenix',
'Alaska' => 'Juneau',
'Alabama' => 'Montgomery'
);
$state = array_search('Juneau', $capitals);
// $state = 'Alaska'


10、标准PHP库
标准PHP库(Standard PHP Library,SPL)为开发人员提供了许多数据结构,迭代器,接口,异常和其它以前PHP语言没有的功能,使用这些功能可以通过面向对象的语法遍历数组。

复制代码 代码如下:


$capitals = array(
'Arizona' => 'Phoenix',
'Alaska' => 'Juneau',
'Alabama' => 'Montgomery'
);
$arrayObject = new ArrayObject($capitals);
foreach ($arrayObject as $state => $capital)
{
printf("The capital of %s is %s
", $state, $capital);
}
// The capital of Arizona is Phoenix
// The capital of Alaska is Juneau
// The capital of Alabama is Montgomery


这仅仅是SPL众多伟大功能中的一个,一定要阅读PHP文档了解更多信息。
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1664
14
PHP Tutorial
1267
29
C# Tutorial
1239
24
Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Apr 05, 2025 am 12:04 AM

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

PHP and Python: Comparing Two Popular Programming Languages PHP and Python: Comparing Two Popular Programming Languages Apr 14, 2025 am 12:13 AM

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP in Action: Real-World Examples and Applications PHP in Action: Real-World Examples and Applications Apr 14, 2025 am 12:19 AM

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP: A Key Language for Web Development PHP: A Key Language for Web Development Apr 13, 2025 am 12:08 AM

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

Explain the match expression (PHP 8 ) and how it differs from switch. Explain the match expression (PHP 8 ) and how it differs from switch. Apr 06, 2025 am 12:03 AM

In PHP8, match expressions are a new control structure that returns different results based on the value of the expression. 1) It is similar to a switch statement, but returns a value instead of an execution statement block. 2) The match expression is strictly compared (===), which improves security. 3) It avoids possible break omissions in switch statements and enhances the simplicity and readability of the code.

PHP vs. Python: Understanding the Differences PHP vs. Python: Understanding the Differences Apr 11, 2025 am 12:15 AM

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and the choice should be based on project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, with simple syntax and high execution efficiency. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and rich libraries.

The Enduring Relevance of PHP: Is It Still Alive? The Enduring Relevance of PHP: Is It Still Alive? Apr 14, 2025 am 12:12 AM

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.

PHP vs. Other Languages: A Comparison PHP vs. Other Languages: A Comparison Apr 13, 2025 am 12:19 AM

PHP is suitable for web development, especially in rapid development and processing dynamic content, but is not good at data science and enterprise-level applications. Compared with Python, PHP has more advantages in web development, but is not as good as Python in the field of data science; compared with Java, PHP performs worse in enterprise-level applications, but is more flexible in web development; compared with JavaScript, PHP is more concise in back-end development, but is not as good as JavaScript in front-end development.

See all articles