PHP flock 文件锁详细介绍
flock
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
flock — 轻便的咨询文件锁定
说明
bool flock ( int $handle , int $operation [, int &$wouldblock ] )
PHP 支持以咨询方式(也就是说所有访问程序必须使用同一方式锁定, 否则它不会工作)锁定全部文件的一种轻便方法。
Note:
在 Windows 下 flock() 将会强制执行。
flock() 操作的 handle 必须是一个已经打开的文件指针。operation 可以是以下值之一:
要取得共享锁定(读取的程序),将 operation 设为 LOCK_SH(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本设置为 1)。
要取得独占锁定(写入的程序),将 operation 设为 LOCK_EX(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本中设置为 2)。
要释放锁定(无论共享或独占),将 operation 设为 LOCK_UN(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本中设置为 3)。
如果不希望 flock() 在锁定时堵塞,则给 operation 加上 LOCK_NB(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本中设置为 4)。
flock() 允许执行一个简单的可以在任何平台中使用的读取/写入模型(包括大部分的 Unix 派生版和甚至是 Windows)。如果锁定会堵塞的话(EWOULDBLOCK 错误码情况下),可选的第三个参数会被设置为 TRUE。锁定操作也可以被 fclose() 释放(代码执行完毕时也会自动调用)。
成功时返回 TRUE, 或者在失败时返回 FALSE.
Example #1 flock() 例子
复制代码 代码如下:
$fp = fopen("/tmp/lock.txt", "w+");
if (flock($fp, LOCK_EX)) { // 进行排它型锁定
fwrite($fp, "Write something here ");
flock($fp, LOCK_UN); // 释放锁定
} else {
echo "Couldn't lock the file !";
}
fclose($fp);
?>
Note:
由于 flock() 需要一个文件指针, 因此可能不得不用一个特殊的锁定文件来保护打算通过写模式打开的文件的访问(在 fopen() 函数中加入 "w" 或 "w+")。
Warning
flock() 不能用于 NFS 以及其它一些网络文件系统。详细资料查看自己操作系统的文档。
在部分操作系统中 flock() 以进程级实现。当用一个多线程服务器 API(比如 ISAPI)时,可能不可以依靠 flock() 来保护文件,因为运行于同一服务器实例中其它并行线程的 PHP 脚本可以对该文件进行处理。
flock() 不支持旧的文件系统,如 FAT 以及它的派生系统。因此,此环境下总是返回 FALSE(尤其是对 Windows 98 用户来说)。
php中文件锁函数flock函数用法简介:
语法:
bool flock ( int $handle , int $operation [, int &$wouldblock ] )
flock() 操作的 handle 必须是一个已经打开的文件指针。operation 可以是以下值之一:
1. 要取得共享锁定(读取程序),将 operation 设为 LOCK_SH(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本设置为 1)
2. 要取得独占锁定(写入程序),将 operation 设为 LOCK_EX(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本中设置为 2)
3. 要释放锁定(无论共享或独占),将 operation 设为 LOCK_UN(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本中设置为 3)
4. 如果你不希望 flock() 在锁定时堵塞,则给 operation 加上 LOCK_NB(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本中设置为 4)
看下面代码:
a.php
复制代码 代码如下:
$file = “temp.txt”;
$fp = fopen($file , 'w‘);
if(flock($fp , LOCK_EX)){
fwrite($fp , “abc”);
sleep(10);
fwrite($fp , “123”);
flock($fp , LOCK_UN);
}
fclose($fp);
?>
b.php
复制代码 代码如下:
$file = “temp.txt”;
$fp = fopen($file , 'r');
echo fread($fp , 100);
fclose($fp);
?>
运行 a.php 后,马上运行 b.php ,可以看到输出:
abc
等 a.php 运行完后运行 b.php ,可以看到输出:
abc
123
显然,当 a.php 写文件时数据太大,导致时间比较长时,这时 b.php 读取数据不完整,在对b.php做修改
修改 b.php 为:
复制代码 代码如下:
$file = “temp.txt”;
$fp = fopen($file , 'r‘);
if(flock($fp , LOCK_EX)){
echo fread($fp , 100);
flock($fp , LOCK_UN);
} else{
echo “Lock file failed…”;
}
fclose($fp);
?>
运行 a.php 后,马上运行 b.php ,可以发现 b.php 会等到 a.php 运行完成后(即 10 秒后)才显示:
abc
123
读取数据完整,但时间过长,他要等待写锁释放,再对b.php做修改。
修改 b.php 为:
复制代码 代码如下:
$file = “temp.txt”;
$fp = fopen($file , 'r');
if(flock($fp , LOCK_SH | LOCK_NB)){
echo fread($fp , 100);
flock($fp , LOCK_UN);
} else{
echo “Lock file failed…”;
}
fclose($fp);
?>
运行 a.php 后,马上运行 b.php ,可以看到输出:
Lock file failed…
证明可以返回锁文件失败状态,而不是向上面一样要等很久。
脚本之家小编结论:
建议作文件缓存时,选好相关的锁,不然可能导致读取数据不完整,或重复写入数据。
file_get_contents 好像选择不了锁,不知道他默认用的什么锁,反正和不锁得到的输出一样,是不完整的数据。

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