解析php安全性问题中的:Null 字符问题
由于 PHP 的文件系统操作是基于 C 语言的函数的,所以它可能会以您意想不到的方式处理 Null 字符。 Null字符在 C 语言中用于标识字符串结束,一个完整的字符串是从其开头到遇见 Null 字符为止。 以下代码演示了类似的攻击:
Example #1 会被 Null 字符问题攻击的代码
复制代码 代码如下:
$file = $_GET['file']; // "../../etc/passwd\0"
if (file_exists('/home/wwwrun/'.$file.'.php')) {
// file_exists will return true as the file /home/wwwrun/../../etc/passwd exists
include '/home/wwwrun/'.$file.'.php';
// the file /etc/passwd will be included
}
?>
因此,任何用于操作文件系统的字符串(译注:特别是程序外部输入的字符串)都必须经过适当的检查。以下是上述例子的改进版本:
Example #2 验证输入的正确做法
复制代码 代码如下:
$file = $_GET['file'];
// 对字符串进行白名单检查
switch ($file) {
case 'main':
case 'foo':
case 'bar':
include '/home/wwwrun/include/'.$file.'.php';
break;
default:
include '/home/wwwrun/include/main.php';
}
?>
一个函数错误就可能暴露系统正在使用的数据库,或者为攻击者提供有关网页、程序或设计方面的有用信息。攻击者往往会顺藤摸瓜地找到开放的数据库端口,以及页面上某些 bug 或弱点等。比如说,攻击者可以一些不正常的数据使程序出错,来探测脚本中认证的顺序(通过错误提示的行号数字)以及脚本中其它位置可能泄露的信息。
一个文件系统或者 PHP 的错误就会暴露 web服务器具有什么权限,以及文件在服务器上的组织结构。开发者自己写的错误代码会加剧此问题,导致泄漏了原本隐藏的信息。
有三个常用的办法处理这些问题。第一个是彻底地检查所有函数,并尝试弥补大多数错误。第二个是对在线系统彻底关闭错误报告。第三个是使用 PHP 自定义的错误处理函数创建自己的错误处理机制。根据不同的安全策略,三种方法可能都适用。

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