PHP面向对象分析设计的61条军规
你不必严格遵守这些原则，违背它们也不会被处以宗教刑罚。但你应当把这些原则看成警铃，若违背了其中的一条，那么警铃就会响起 。 ----- Arthur J.Riel
(1)所有数据都应该隐藏在所在的类的内部。
(2)类的使用者必须依赖类的共有接口，但类不能依赖它的使用者。
(3)尽量减少类的协议中的消息。
(4)实现所有类都理解的最基本公有接口[例如，拷贝操作(深拷贝和浅拷贝)、相等性判断、正确输出内容、从ASCII描述解析等等]。
(5)不要把实现细节(例如放置共用代码的私有函数)放到类的公有接口中。
如果类的两个方法有一段公共代码，那么就可以创建一个防止这些公共代码的私有函数。
(6)不要以用户无法使用或不感兴趣的东西扰乱类的公有接口。
(7)类之间应该零耦合，或者只有导出耦合关系。也即，一个类要么同另一个类毫无关系，要么只使用另一个类的公有接口中的操作。
(8)类应该只表示一个关键抽象。
包中的所有类对于同一类性质的变化应该是共同封闭的。一个变化若对一个包影响，则将对包中的所有类产生影响，而对其他的包不 造成任何影响 .
(9)把相关的数据和行为集中放置。
设计者应当留意那些通过get之类操作从别的对象中获取数据的对象。这种类型的行为暗示着这条经验原则被违反了。
(10)把不相关的信息放在另一个类中(也即：互不沟通的行为)。
朝着稳定的方向进行依赖.
(11)确保你为之建模的抽象概念是类，而不只是对象扮演的角色。
(12)在水平方向上尽可能统一地分布系统功能，也即：按照设计，顶层类应当统一地共享工作。
(13)在你的系统中不要创建全能类/对象。对名字包含Driver、Manager、System、Susystem的类要特别多加小心。
规划一个接口而不是实现一个接口。
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