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PHP中简单工厂模式实例讲解

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:26 AM
php one time Can Example factory model of Simple explain

PHP中简单工厂模式实例讲解,简单的讲述了一下大家可参考一下。

简单工厂模式:
①抽象基类:类中定义抽象一些方法,用以在子类中实现
②继承自抽象基类的子类:实现基类中的抽象方法
③工厂类:用以实例化对象

看完文章再回头来看下这张图,效果会比较好

采用封装方式

 代码如下 复制代码
    class Calc{
        /**
         * 计算结果
         *
         * @param int|float $num1
         * @param int|float $num2
         * @param string $operator
         * @return int|float
         */
        public function calculate($num1,$num2,$operator){
            try {
                $result=0;
                switch ($operator){
                    case '+':
                        $result= $num1+$num2;
                        break;
                    case '-':
                        $result= $num1-$num2;
                        break;
                    case '*':
                        $result= $num1*$num2;
                        break;
                    case '/':
                        if ($num2==0) {
                            throw new Exception("除数不能为0");
                        }
                        $result= $num1/$num2;
                        break;
                    return $result;
                }
            }catch (Exception $e){
                echo "您输入有误:".$e->getMessage();
            }
        }
    }
    $test=new Calc();
//    echo $test->calculate(2,3,'+');//打印:5
    echo $test->calculate(5,0,'/');//打印:您输入有误:除数不能为0
?>

优点:以上代码使用了面向对象的封装特性,只要有了include这个类,其他页面就可以随便使用了

缺点:无法灵活的扩展和维护
比如:想要增加一个“求余”运算,需要在switch语句块中添加一个分支语句,代码需要做如下改动
添加分支语句

 代码如下 复制代码
    class Calc{
        public function calculate($num1,$num2,$operator){
            try {
                $result=0;
                switch ($operator){
                    //......省略......
                    case '%':
                        $result= $num1%$num2;
                        break;
                    //......省略......
                }
            }catch (Exception $e){
                echo "您输入有误:".$e->getMessage();
            }
        }
    }
?>

代码分析:用以上方法实现给计算器添加新的功能运算有以下几个缺点

①需要改动原有的代码块,可能会在为了“添加新功能”而改动原有代码的时候,不小心将原有的代码改错了
②如果要添加的功能很多,比如:‘乘方’,‘开方’,‘对数’,‘三角函数’,‘统计’,或者添加一些程序员专用的计算功能,比如:And, Or, Not, Xor,这样就需要在switch语句中添加N个分支语句。想象下,一个计算功能的函数如果有二三十个case分支语句,代码将超过一屏,不仅令代码的可读性大大降低,关键是,为了添加小功能,还得让其余不相关都参与解释,这令程序的执行效率大大降低
解决途径:采用OOP的继承和多态思想
简单工厂模式的初步实现
 

 代码如下 复制代码
     /**
      * 操作类
      * 因为包含有抽象方法,所以类必须声明为抽象类
      */
     abstract class Operation{
         //抽象方法不能包含函数体
         abstract public function getValue($num1,$num2);//强烈要求子类必须实现该功能函数
     }
     /**
      * 加法类
      */
     class OperationAdd extends Operation {
         public function getValue($num1,$num2){
             return $num1+$num2;
         }
     }
     /**
      * 减法类
      */
     class OperationSub extends Operation {
         public function getValue($num1,$num2){
             return $num1-$num2;
         }
     }
     /**
      * 乘法类
      */
     class OperationMul extends Operation {
         public function getValue($num1,$num2){
             return $num1*$num2;
         }
     }
     /**
      * 除法类
      */
     class OperationDiv extends Operation {
         public function getValue($num1,$num2){
             try {
                 if ($num2==0){
                     throw new Exception("除数不能为0");
                 }else {
                     return $num1/$num2;
                 }
             }catch (Exception $e){
                 echo "错误信息:".$e->getMessage();
             }
         }
     }
 ?>

里采用了面向对象的继承特性,首先声明一个虚拟基类,在基类中指定子类务必实现的方法(getValue())

分析:通过采用面向对象的继承特性,我们可以很容易就能对原有程序进行扩展,比如:‘乘方’,‘开方’,‘对数’,‘三角函数’,‘统计’等等。

求余类

 代码如下 复制代码

    /**
     * 求余类(remainder)
     *
     */
    class OperationRem extends Operation {
        public function getValue($num1,$num2){
            return $num1%$num12;
        }
    }
?>

我们只需要另外写一个类(该类继承虚拟基类),在类中完成相应的功能(比如:求乘方的运算),而且大大的降低了耦合度,方便日后的维护及扩展

现在还有一个问题未解决,就是如何让程序根据用户输入的操作符实例化相应的对象呢?
解决办法:使用一个单独的类来实现实例化的过程,这个类就是工厂
代码如下:

工厂类

 代码如下 复制代码

    /**
     * 工程类,主要用来创建对象
     * 功能:根据输入的运算符号,工厂就能实例化出合适的对象
     *
     */
    class Factory{
        public static function createObj($operate){
            switch ($operate){
                case '+':
                    return new OperationAdd();
                    break;
                case '-':
                    return new OperationSub();
                    break;
                case '*':
                    return new OperationSub();
                    break;
                case '/':
                    return new OperationDiv();
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    $test=Factory::createObj('/');
    $result=$test->getValue(23,0);
    echo $result;
?>


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