Home php教程 php手册 PHP开发必备 一步步学PHP模版引擎Dwoo(1)

PHP开发必备 一步步学PHP模版引擎Dwoo(1)

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:13 AM
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PHP目前是使用最广泛的脚本解析动态语言之一。在PHP的开发当中,开发者都很关心的一个问题是,如何最大程度地将页面和商业逻辑分离。而目前的很多PHP的开发框架,在这方面都有很好的解决方案,比如Zend,Agavi,CakePHP和CodeIgniter。然而,假如你的项目不是太大而没使用这些框架时,则可以选用一些开源的PHP模版引擎来实现页面和逻辑的分离,目前比较著名的有Smarty。本文将介绍另一款新兴的PHP模版引擎Dwoo,它同样有很多优点,值得读者去学习。

一、安装Dwoo

首先到Dwoo的官方网站下载(http://www.dwoo.org)最新的版本1.1.7。在下载后,解压dwoo,将解压目录命名为dwoo,当然,你也可以用pear的安装方法安装,方法为:

pear channel-discover pearhub.org

pear install pearhub/Dwoo

二、Dwoo模版简介

在Dwoo中,跟象Smarty等模版引擎差不多的是,它允许用户用普通的HTML编辑工具编辑表现层的页面,然后在需要产生动态内容的地方用占位符表示。模版引擎在解析的时候,会把如数据库中的或者业余逻辑计算结果填充到这些占位符中。下面先看一个简单的例子。

我们先建立一个模版文件,Dwoo的模版文件默认是tpl,当然你也可以改为其他文件后缀。模版文件名为knock.tpl,把它保存在template文件夹中,内容为:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">html</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">head</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">head</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">body</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">blockquote</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>Knock knock! </span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span>
</li>
<li>
<span>Who's there? </span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>{$name} </span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span>
</li>
<li>
<span>{$name} who? </span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">/></span><span> </span></span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>{$punchline}  </span></li>
<li>
<span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">blockquote</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">body</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">html</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span>
</li>
</ol>
Copy after login

可以看到,在Dwoo中,模版文件中,把需要动态更替的内容用{$ }这样的形式包裹起来,作为占位符,占位符当中的内容到时会被自动更替为实际的内容。接下来看如何使用Dwoo,代码如下:

<ol class="dp-c">
<li class="alt"><span><span><?php  </span></span></span></li>
<li>
<span class="keyword">include</span><span> </span><span class="string">'dwooAutoload.php'</span><span>;  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span class="comment">// 创建dwoo实例 </span><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="vars">$dwoo</span><span> = </span><span class="keyword">new</span><span> Dwoo();  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span class="comment">//读取模版文件  </span><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="vars">$tpl</span><span> = </span><span class="keyword">new</span><span> Dwoo_Template_File(</span><span class="string">'tmpl/knock.tpl'</span><span>);  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span class="comment">// 对模版变量赋值 </span><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="vars">$data</span><span> = </span><span class="keyword">array</span><span>();  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span class="vars">$data</span><span>[</span><span class="string">'name'</span><span>] = </span><span class="string">'Boo'</span><span>;  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="vars">$data</span><span>[</span><span class="string">'punchline'</span><span>] = </span><span class="string">'Don't cry, it's only a joke'</span><span>;  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span class="comment">// 将实际内容输出到模版 </span><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="vars">$dwoo</span><span>->output(</span><span class="vars">$tpl</span><span>, </span><span class="vars">$data</span><span>);  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>?> </span></li>
</ol>
Copy after login

下面是使用Dwoo的几个步骤:

1、首先要包含Dwoo自动装载类dwooAutoload.php,这个类是自动加载了Dwoo模版所需要的其他依赖的类和工具类;

2、创建Dwoo类的实例;

3、通过new Dwoo_Template_File的方法加载模版,其中的参数为模版文件所在的路径;

4、设置要向模版文件中输出的替换内容,在Dwoo中,只需要通过定义一个关联数组的方法即可,数组中每个元素的名称跟模版文件中的占位符一一对应,数组中的每个值,就是要替换模版中的实际内容;

5、通过调用output方法,将数据向模版中输出,传入的参数为输出的数组内容和模版路径。

下图为输出结果:


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