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详解PHP内存池中的存储层(1)

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:12 AM
php three Memory layered storage yes pool of Manager Detailed explanation this

PHP的内存管理器是分层(hierarchical)的。这个管理器共有三层:存储层(storage)、堆(heap)层和 emalloc/efree 层。存储层通过 malloc()、mmap() 等函数向系统真正的申请内存,并通过free()函数释放所申请的内存。

存储层通常申请的内存块都比较大,这里申请的内存大并不是指storage层结构所需要的内存大,只是堆层通过调用存储层的分配方法时,其以段的格式申请的内存比较大,存储层的作用是将内存分配的方式对堆层透明化。

首先看storage层的结构:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>/* Heaps with user defined storage */  </span></span></li>
<li><span>typedef struct _zend_mm_storage zend_mm_storage;  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>   </span></li>
<li><span>typedef struct _zend_mm_segment {  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    size_t    size;  </span></li>
<li><span>    struct _zend_mm_segment *next_segment;  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>} zend_mm_segment;  </span></li>
<li><span>   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>typedef struct _zend_mm_mem_handlers {  </span></li>
<li><span>    const char *name;  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    zend_mm_storage* (*init)(void *params);    //初始化函数  </span></li>
<li><span>    void (*dtor)(zend_mm_storage *storage);    //析构函数  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    void (*compact)(zend_mm_storage *storage);  </span></li>
<li><span>    zend_mm_segment* (*_alloc)(zend_mm_storage *storage, size_t size);    //内存分配函数  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    zend_mm_segment* (*_realloc)(zend_mm_storage *storage, zend_mm_segment *ptr, size_t size);    //重新分配内存函数  </span></li>
<li><span>    void (*_free)(zend_mm_storage *storage, zend_mm_segment *ptr);    //释放内存函数  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>} zend_mm_mem_handlers;  </span></li>
<li><span>   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>struct _zend_mm_storage {  </span></li>
<li><span>    const zend_mm_mem_handlers *handlers;    //处理函数集  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    void *data;  </span></li>
<li><span>};  </span></li>
</ol>
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内存的分配方式,调用的函数是_zend_mm_storage结构中的处理函数集,而内存是以段的形式表现的。

4种内存方案

PHP在存储层共有4种内存分配方案: malloc,win32,mmap_anon,mmap_zero。默认使用malloc分配内存,如果设置了ZEND_WIN32宏,则为windows版本,调用HeapAlloc分配内存,剩下两种内存方案为匿名内存映射,并且PHP的内存方案可以通过设置变量来修改。

官方说明如下:

The Zend MM can be tweaked using ZEND_MM_MEM_TYPE and ZEND_MM_SEG_SIZE environment variables. Default values are “malloc” and “256K”.Dependent on target system you can also use “mmap_anon”, “mmap_zero” and “win32″ storage managers.

在代码中,对于这4种内存分配方案,分别对应实现了zend_mm_mem_handlers中的各个处理函数。配合代码的简单说明如下:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>/* 使用mmap内存映射函数分配内存 写入时拷贝的私有映射,并且匿名映射,映射区不与任何文件关联。*/  </span></span></li>
<li><span># define ZEND_MM_MEM_MMAP_ANON_DSC {"mmap_anon", zend_mm_mem_dummy_init, zend_mm_mem_dummy_dtor, zend_mm_mem_dummy_compact, zend_mm_mem_mmap_anon_alloc, zend_mm_mem_mmap_realloc, zend_mm_mem_mmap_free}  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>/* 使用mmap内存映射函数分配内存 写入时拷贝的私有映射,并且映射到/dev/zero。*/  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span># define ZEND_MM_MEM_MMAP_ZERO_DSC {"mmap_zero", zend_mm_mem_mmap_zero_init, zend_mm_mem_mmap_zero_dtor, zend_mm_mem_dummy_compact, zend_mm_mem_mmap_zero_alloc, zend_mm_mem_mmap_realloc, zend_mm_mem_mmap_free}  </span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>/* 使用HeapAlloc分配内存 windows版本 关于这点,注释中写的是VirtualAlloc() to allocate memory,实际在程序中使用的是HeapAlloc*/  </span></li>
<li><span># define ZEND_MM_MEM_WIN32_DSC {"win32", zend_mm_mem_win32_init, zend_mm_mem_win32_dtor, zend_mm_mem_win32_compact, zend_mm_mem_win32_alloc, zend_mm_mem_win32_realloc, zend_mm_mem_win32_free}  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>/* 使用malloc分配内存 默认为此种分配 如果有加ZEND_WIN32宏,则使用win32的分配方案*/  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span># define ZEND_MM_MEM_MALLOC_DSC {"malloc", zend_mm_mem_dummy_init, zend_mm_mem_dummy_dtor, zend_mm_mem_dummy_compact, zend_mm_mem_malloc_alloc, zend_mm_mem_malloc_realloc, zend_mm_mem_malloc_free}  </span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>static const zend_mm_mem_handlers mem_handlers[] = {  </span></li>
<li><span>#ifdef HAVE_MEM_WIN32  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    ZEND_MM_MEM_WIN32_DSC,  </span></li>
<li><span>#endif  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>#ifdef HAVE_MEM_MALLOC  </span></li>
<li><span>    ZEND_MM_MEM_MALLOC_DSC,  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>#endif  </span></li>
<li><span>#ifdef HAVE_MEM_MMAP_ANON  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    ZEND_MM_MEM_MMAP_ANON_DSC,  </span></li>
<li><span>#endif  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>#ifdef HAVE_MEM_MMAP_ZERO  </span></li>
<li><span>    ZEND_MM_MEM_MMAP_ZERO_DSC,  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>#endif  </span></li>
<li><span>    {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>};  </span></li>
</ol>
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