Home php教程 php手册 巧妙运用PHP函数实现采集器

巧妙运用PHP函数实现采集器

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:05 AM
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PHP经过长时间的发展,很多用户都很了解PHP了,我们现在可以利用PHP函数实现采集器程序。何为采集器,通常又叫小偷程序,主要是用来抓取别人网页内容的。关于采集器的制作,其实并不难,就是远程打开要采集的网页,然后用正则表达式将需要的内容匹配出来,只要稍微有点正则表达式的基础,都能做出自己的采集器来的。

前几天做了个小说连载的程序,因为怕更新麻烦,顺带就写了个采集器,采集八路中文网的,功能比较简单,不能自定义规则,不过大概思路都在里面了,自定义规则可以自己来扩展。用php来做采集器主要用到两个PHP函数:file_get_contents()和preg_match_all(),前一个是远程读取网页内容的,不过只在php5以上的版本才能用,后一个是正则函数,用来提取需要的内容的。面就一步一步来讲功能实现。因为是采集小说,所以首先要将书名、作者、类型这三个提取出来,别的信息可根据需要提取。

这样还不够,还需要一个切取PHP函数:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>function cut($string,$start,$end){     </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">message</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">explode</font></span><span>($start,$string);     </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">message</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">explode</font></span><span>($end,$message[1]); return $message[0];}其中$string为要被切取的内容,$start为开始的地方,$end为结束的地方。取出分类号:     </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">start</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"Html/Book/"</font></span><span>;     </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">end</font></span><span>    </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>= </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"List.shtm"</font></span><span>;     </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">typeid</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">cut</font></span><span>($typeid[0][0],$start,$end);     </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">typeid</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">explode</font></span><span>("/",$typeid);[/php]     </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>这样,$typeid[0]就是我们要找的分类号了。方法如下:     </span></li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">ustart</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">""</font></span><span>";     </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">uend</font></span><span>    </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>= </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">""</font></span><span>";     </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>//t表示title的缩写     </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">tstart</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">">"</font></span><span>;     </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">tend</font></span><span>    </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>= </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"</font></span><span>;     </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>//取路径,例如:123.shtm,2342.shtm,233.shtm     </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>preg_match_all("/"[0-9]{1,}.(shtm)"/is",$chapterurl,$url);     </span></li>
<li class=""><span>//取标题,例如:第一章 九世善人     </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>preg_match_all("/</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">a</span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">href</font></span><span>="[0-9]{1,}.shtm"(.*?)</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699"></font></strong></span><span>/a</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>/is",$file,$title);     </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">count</font></span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">countcount</font></span><span> = count($url[0]);     </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>for($</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">i</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">0</font></span><span>;$i</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699"></font></strong></span><span>=$count;$i++)     </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>{     </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">u</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">cut</font></span><span>($url[0][$i],$ustart,$uend);     </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">t</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">cut</font></span><span>($title[0][$i],$tstart,$tend);     </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>$array[$u] = $t;     </span></li>
<li class=""><span>}    </span></li>
</ol>
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$array数组就是所有的章节地址了,到这里,采集器就完成一半了,剩下的就是循环打开每个章节地址,读取,然后将内容匹配出来。这个比较简单,这里就不详细叙述了。好了,今天就先写到这吧,第一次写这么长的文章,语言组织方面难免有问题,还请大家多包涵!


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