浅析PHP正则表达式匹配的实现
浅析PHP正则表达式匹配的实现
PHP正则表达式匹配是我们谈到正则表达式在PHP中是应用的最终目的,那么如何实现PHP正则表达式匹配呢?具体的会使用到什么方法呢?让我们来看看具体的内容。
PHP继承UNIX的一贯传统,完全支持正规表达式的处理。正规表达式提供了一种高级的,但不直观的字符串匹配和处理的方法。用过PERL的正规表达式的朋友都知道,正规表达式的功能非常强大,但学起来不是那么容易。
PHP正则表达式匹配实例应用:
<ol class="dp-c"><li class="alt"><span><span>^.+@.+..+$ </span></span></li></ol>
这段有效却难以理解的代码足够使一些程序员头痛(我就是)或者让他们放弃使用正规表达式。相信当你读完这个教程后,就可以理解这段代码的含义了。
PHP正则表达式匹配之基本模式匹配
一切从最基本的开始。模式,是正规表达式最基本的元素,它们是一组描述字符串特征的字符。模式可以很简单,由普通的字符串组成,也可以非常复杂,往往用特殊的字符表示一个范围内的字符、重复出现,或表示上下文。例如:
^once
这个模式包含一个特殊的字符^,表示该模式只匹配那些以once开头的字符串。例如该模式与字符串"once upon a time"匹配,与"There once was a man from NewYork"不匹配。正如如^符号表示开头一样,$符号用来匹配那些以给定模式结尾的字符串。
bucket$
这个模式与"Who kept all of this cash in a bucket"匹配,与"buckets"不匹配。字符^和$同时使用时,表示精确匹配(字符串与模式一样)。例如:
^bucket$
只匹配字符串"bucket"。如果一个模式不包括^和$,那么它与任何包含该模式的字符串匹配。例如:模式
once
与字符串
<ol class="dp-c"> <li class="alt"><span><span>There once was a man from NewYork </span></span></li> <li><span>Who kept all of his cash in a bucket. </span></li> </ol>
是匹配的。
在该模式中的字母(o-n-c-e)是字面的字符,也就是说,他们表示该字母本身,数字也是一样的。其他一些稍微复杂的字符,如标点符号和白字符(空格、制表符等),要用到转义序列。所有的转义序列都用反斜杠()打头。制表符的转义序列是:t。所以如果我们要检测一个字符串是否以制表符开头,可以用这个模式:
^t
类似的,用n表示“新行”,r表示回车。其他的特殊符号,可以用在前面加上反斜杠,如反斜杠本身用表示,句号.用.表示,以此类推。
PHP正则表达式匹配相关的内容就向你介绍到这里,希望对你了解和学习PHP正则表达式匹配有所帮助。

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