PHP老手谈PHP和Python的基础特性
本文作者做了11年的PHP,不过最近开始投向Python阵营了。下面将对PHP和Python两种语言各自的特性进行一些描述,也许对你为项目选择合适的语言也有一定的帮助。
看PHP和Python:PHP的问题
我之所以放弃PHP,原因首先是语言。PHP实际上不是一种语言,而是一种巨大的插件结构,以一种高层的形式来展示低层的库。而大部分开发者使用的语言实际上是对C功能 (curl, mysql, gd, etc.)的包装,通常情况下它们的库展示得很简单。因而这导致了PHP的API不一致。
PHP语言的第二个问题是语言的管理问题。PHP语言实际上是由委员会来设计的,而且没有人来制定任何共识性的标准。PEAR有自己的标准,PHP有自己的标准,这导致SPL classes更具Java风格,而PEAR却截然不同。
从事PHP开发11年来,我认识了很多PHP领域的专家级开发者,它们对PHP也有很多看法。除了上文提到的委员会问题以及标准混乱问题之外,由于PHP的使用范围非常广,向后的不兼容对代码造成了很大的破坏。
还要提到的一点是PHP缺乏很多现代语言的特性。现在再来说说Python:
PHP和Python:Python的优美之处
Python语言的创建方法几乎与PHP的完全相反。首先,Python是由Benevolent Dictator和Guido van Rossum领导的,语言的开发由单一的人员主导,因此它的开发、管理以及长期运营会保持很好的连续性。Guido和Python的核心开发者通过PEP创建标准,而且通过公共接口展示标准是如何创建的。而且,Guido如果想到的语言特性不够好,也不会出现在语言层中(如没有++运算符,而且比较符中没有分配)。
延续性的特点也延伸到了整个Python社区,所以你很难发现不同项目中的Python截然不同。
我最喜欢的Python的一个特点就是它的清晰。当打开Python中的一个文件的时候,我会清楚地知道里面大概有什么样子的代码,联想到很多次我被PHP的这一点搞得焦头烂额,我觉得这个特性非常有用。
总之,Python的系统级特性非常不错。
Python另外一个很棒的特性是直白性。需要namespace(命名空间)?文件的名字就是命名空间;需要模块?只需要用一个__init__.py文件代替;需要重命名功能?只需要new_func = old_func。

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