Home php教程 php手册 抽象方法和抽象类

抽象方法和抽象类

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:02 AM
php layered and exist object abstract method yes Construct Tree of program kind structure inherit language pass For

面向对象程序通过类的分层结构构建起来. 在单重继承语言如PHP中, 类的继承是树状的. 一个根类有一个或更多的子类,再从每个子类继承出一个或更多下一级子类. 当然,可能存在多个根类,用来实现不同的功能. 在一个良好设计的体系中,每个根类都应该有一个有用的接口, 可以被应用代码所使用. 如果我们的应用代码被设计成与根类一起工作,那么它也可以和任何一个从根类继承出来的子类合作.

抽象方法是就像子类中一般的方法的占位符(占个地方但不起作用),它与一般方法不同?没有任何代码. 如果类中存在一个或更多抽象方法, 那么这个类就成了抽象类. 你不能实例化抽象类. 你必须继承它们,然后实例化子类. 你也可以把抽象类看成是子类的一个模板.

如果你覆写所有的抽象方法, 子类就变成一个普通的类. 如果没有覆写所有方法, 子类仍是抽象的. 如果一个类中中包含有抽象方法(哪怕只有一个), 你必须声明这个类是抽象的, 在class关键字前加上abstract.

声明抽象方法的语法与声明一般方法不同. 抽象方法的没有像一般方法那样包含在大括号{}中的主体部份,并用分号;来结束.

在例子图1中, 我们定义了一个含有getArea方法的类Shape. 但由于不知道形状不可能确定图形的面积,确良我们声明了getArea方法为抽象方法. 你不能实例化一个Shape对象,但你可以继承它或在一个表达式中使用它, 就像例6.13中那样.

如果你建立了一个只有抽象方法的类,你就定义了一个接口(interface). 为了说明这种情况, PHP中有interface 和implements关键字. 你可以用interface来代替抽象类, 用implements来代替extends来说明你的类定义或使用一个接口. 例如, 你可以写一个myClass implements myIterface. 这两种方法可以依个人偏爱来选择.

/*注:
 
两种方法即指:

1. abstract class aaa{} (注意aaa中只有抽象方法,没有一般方法)

class bbb extends aaa{} (在bbb中覆写aaa中的抽象方法)

2. interface aaa{}

class bbb implements aaa{} (在bbb中覆写aaa中的抽象方法)

*/

Abstract classs

<?php    //abstract root class 抽象根类    abstract class Shape    {        abstract function getArea(); //定义一个抽象方法    }    //abstract child class 抽象子类    abstract class Polygon extends Shape //多边形    {        abstract function getNumberOfSides();    }    //concrete class 实体类 三角形类    class Triangle extends Polygon    {        public $base;        public $height;        public function getArea() //覆写计算面积方法        {            return(($this->base * $this->height)/2);        }        public function getNumberOfSides() //覆写边数统计方法        {            return(3);        }    }    //concrete class 实体类四边形    class Rectangle extends Polygon    {        public $width;        public $height;        public function getArea()        {            return($this->width * $this->height);        }        public function getNumberOfSides()        {            return(4);        }    }    //concrete class 实体类 圆形    class Circle extends Shape    {        public $radius;        public function getArea()        {            return(pi() * $this->radius * $this->radius);        }    }    //concrete root class 定义一个颜色类    class Color    {        public $name;    }    $myCollection = array(); //建立形状的集合,放入数组    //make a rectangle    $r = new Rectangle;    $r->width = 5;    $r->height = 7;    $myCollection[] = $r;    unset($r);    //make a triangle    $t = new Triangle;    $t->base = 4;    $t->height = 5;    $myCollection[] = $t;    unset($t);    //make a circle    $c = new Circle;    $c->radius = 3;    $myCollection[] = $c;    unset($c);    //make a color    $c = new Color;    $c->name = "blue";    $myCollection[] = $c;    unset($c);    foreach($myCollection as $s)    {        if($s instanceof Shape) //如果$s是Shape类的实例        {            print("Area: " . $s->getArea() .                "<br>n");        }        if($s instanceof Polygon)        {            print("Sides: " .                $s->getNumberOfSides() .                "<br>n");        }        if($s instanceof Color)        {            print("Color: $s->name<br>n");        }        print("<br>n");    } ?> 
Copy after login


Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian Dec 24, 2024 pm 04:42 PM

PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Apr 05, 2025 am 12:04 AM

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? Feb 07, 2025 am 11:57 AM

This tutorial demonstrates how to efficiently process XML documents using PHP. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a versatile text-based markup language designed for both human readability and machine parsing. It's commonly used for data storage an

Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Apr 03, 2025 am 12:04 AM

Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.

PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String Feb 07, 2025 pm 12:12 PM

A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total

What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? Apr 03, 2025 am 12:03 AM

What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.

PHP and Python: Comparing Two Popular Programming Languages PHP and Python: Comparing Two Popular Programming Languages Apr 14, 2025 am 12:13 AM

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP: A Key Language for Web Development PHP: A Key Language for Web Development Apr 13, 2025 am 12:08 AM

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

See all articles