Home php教程 php手册 PHP基础之数组(1)

PHP基础之数组(1)

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:01 AM
keys php picture Base Bundle array yes

PHP 中的数组实际上是一个有序图。图是一种把 values 映射到 keys 的类型。此类型在很多方面做了优化,因此你可以把它当成真正的数组来使用,或列表(矢量),散列表(是图的一种实现),字典,集合,栈,队列以及更多可能性。因为可以用另一个 PHP 数组作为值,也可以很容易地模拟树。

解释这些结构超出了本手册的范围,但对于每种结构你至少会发现一个例子。要得到这些结构的更多信息,我们建议你参考有关此广阔主题的外部著作。

语法

定义 array()

可以用 array() 语言结构来新建一个 array。它接受一定数量用逗号分隔的 key => value 参数对。

array( [key =>]value     , ...     )// key 可以是 integer 或者 string// value 可以是任何值
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<?php $arr = array("foo" => "bar", 12 => true);echo $arr["foo"]; // barecho $arr[12];    // 1?> 
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key 可以是 integer 或者 string。如果键名是一个 integer 的标准表达方法,则被解释为整数(例如 "8" 将被解释为 8,而 "08" 将被解释为 "08")。PHP 中数组下标的变量类型不会对数组造成影响,数组的类型只有一种,它可以同时包含整型和字符串型的下标。 

值可以是任何值。

<?php $arr = array("somearray" => array(6 => 5, 13 => 9, "a" => 42));echo $arr["somearray"][6];    // 5echo $arr["somearray"][13];  // 9echo $arr["somearray"]["a"];  // 42?>  
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如果对给出的值没有指定键名,则取当前最大的整数索引值,而新的键名将是该值加一。如果你指定的键名已经有了值,则该值会被覆盖。

<?php // This array is the same as ...array(5 => 43, 32, 56, "b" => 12);// ...this arrayarray(5 => 43, 6 => 32, 7 => 56, "b" => 12);?>  
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使用 TRUE 作为键名将使 integer 1 成为键名。使用 FALSE 作为键名将使 integer 0 成为键名。使用 NULL 作为键名将等同于使用空字符串。使用空字符串作为键名将新建(或覆盖)一个用空字符串作为键名的值,这和用空的方括号不一样。

不能用数组和对象作为键名。这样做会导致一个警告:Illegal offset type。

用方括号的语法新建/修改可以通过明示地设定值来改变一个现有的数组。

这是通过在方括号内指定键名来给数组赋值实现的。也可以省略键名,在这种情况下给变量名加上一对空的方括号(“[]”)。

$arr[key] = value;$arr[] = value;// key 可以是 integer 或者 string// value 可以为任何值。
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如果 $arr 还不存在,将会新建一个。这也是一种定义数组的替换方法。要改变一个值,只要给它赋一个新值。如果要删除一个键名/值对,要对它用 unset()。

<?php $arr = array(5 => 1, 12 => 2);$arr[] = 56;    // This is the same as $arr[13] = 56;               // at this point of the script$arr["x"] = 42; // This adds a new element to               // the array with key "x"unset($arr[5]); // This removes the element from the arrayunset($arr);    // This deletes the whole array?> 
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注: 如上所述,如果你给出方括号但没有指定键名,则取当前最大整数索引值,新的键名将是该值 + 1。如果当前还没有整数索引,则键名将为 0。如果制定的键名已经有值了,该值将被覆盖。


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