PHP面向对象之旅:类的属性
在PHP5中,在属性定义可以不设置初值,或者赋予以下红色类型的初值。
PHP中简单类型有8种,分别是:
•数值类型
1.boolean 布尔类型
2.integer 整型
3.float 浮点型,也称为 double 双精度浮点型
4.string 字符串
•复合类型
1.array 数组
2.object 对象
•特殊类型
1.resource 资源
2.NULL
01
02 class A{
03 }
04
05 class Person{
06 private $name; //定义属性未赋值。
07 private $name1 = NULL; //定义属性空值 ,与未赋值一样。
08 private $married = true; //用布尔型为属性赋值。
09 private $grade = 0; //用整形数值为属性赋值
10 private $eyesight = 0.1; //用浮点型数字为属性赋值
11 private $nationality = "China"; //用字符串为属性赋值
12 private $arr = array("foo" => "bar", 12 => true); // 用数组为属性赋值
13 //private $a = new A(); //PHP5不允许,创建对象类型赋值给属性
14 //private $res = opendir("abc"); // PHP5不允许使用资源类型
15 //private $g = $this->grade; //不允许用前面定义的属性为新属性赋值。
16
17 }
18 $a = new Person();
19 ?>
在上面例子中,第13行,尝试创建对象并将值赋予属性$a 会报错。
第14行,建立资源并复制给$res会出现错误。
第15行,使用上面定义的属性为新属性赋值也会产生错误。
在Java中,可以作13行和15行这样的操作。 PHP5中定义属性的默认值,被限制到最简单的方式。其它的操作,交给构造方法操作,后面内容中将讲解构造方法。
变量与引用变量
普通变量间的传值方法,就是值的赋值。比如数组。
1
2 $arr = array("foo" => "bar", 12 => true);
3 $a = $arr;
4
5 $arr[foo] = "new";
6 print_r($arr);
7 echo '
';
8 print_r($a);
9 ?>
程序输出:
view sourceprint?
1 Array ( [foo] => new [12] => 1 )
2 Array ( [foo] => bar [12] => 1 )
而指向对象的变量,是一个引用变量。在这个变量里面存储的是所指向对象的内存地址。引用变量传值时,传递的是这个对象的指向。而非复制这个对象。
属性的扩充
$this 指当前对象。
$this-> 调用当前对象的属性或者方法。
在类中使用$this-> 调用一个未定义的属性时,PHP5会自动创建一个属性供使用。
这个被创建的属性,默认的方法权限是public。
01
02 class A {
03 public $name = "Gonn";
04
05 public function __construct() {
06 $this -> age = "24";
07 }
08 }
09
10 $p = new A();
11
12 echo $p->name;
13 echo '
';
14 echo $p->age;
15 ?>
程序输出:
1 Gonn
2 24
属性 age 被创建了。

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