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正则模式修饰符

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:45 AM
php delimiter Can exist 术语 model regular use of Finish follow

 

在结束分隔符之后可以跟随多种模式修饰符 (用php 的术语来说,叫做 pattern modifier),

在某些情况下,修饰符也可以出现在正则表达式内部,修饰模式的某些性质。我们已经在一些例子中看到过表达不区分大小写的模式修饰符 。下面简要介绍模式修饰符:

 

 

修饰符

表达式中的写法

说明

i

(?i)

Ø 忽略大小写

m

(?m)

Ø 增强行锚点模式

s

(?s)

Ø 点号通配模式

x

(?x)

Ø 宽松排列和注释模式

u

 

Ø UTF-8读取正则表达式和目标字符串

X

(?X)

Ø 启用PCRE “额外功能(extra stuff)”

e

 

Ø replacement作为PHP代码(只用于preg_replace

S

 

Ø 启用PCRE的“study”优化尝试

下面三个很少用到

U

(?U)

Ø 交换 "*""*?"的匹配优先含义

A

 

Ø 将整个匹配尝试锚定在起始位置

D

 

Ø "$1" 只能匹配EOS,而不是EOS之前的换行符

(如果使用了模式修饰符m则不会这样)

 

表达式内部的模式修饰符  

在正则表达式内部,模式修饰符可以单独出现,来启用或停用某些特性(例如用"(?i)"来启用不区分大小写匹配,用"(?-i)"来停用。此时,它们的作用范围持续到对应的结束括号,如果不存在,就持续到正则表达式的末尾。

 

它们也可以用作模式修饰范围 例如 "(?i...)" 表示对此括号内的内容进行不区分大小写匹配"(?-sm:...)" 表示在此范围内停用s和m模式.

 

正则表达式之外,结束分隔符之后的模式修饰符可以以任何顺序组织,下例中的‘si’表示同时启用不区分大小写和点号通配模式:

If(preg_match('{(.*?)}si',$html,captures))

 

摘自lostwolf's Blog

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