正则模式修饰符
在结束分隔符之后可以跟随多种模式修饰符 (用php 的术语来说,叫做 pattern modifier),
在某些情况下,修饰符也可以出现在正则表达式内部,修饰模式的某些性质。我们已经在一些例子中看到过表达不区分大小写的模式修饰符 i 。下面简要介绍模式修饰符:
修饰符 |
表达式中的写法 |
说明 |
i |
(?i) |
Ø 忽略大小写 |
m |
(?m) |
Ø 增强行锚点模式 |
s |
(?s) |
Ø 点号通配模式 |
x |
(?x) |
Ø 宽松排列和注释模式 |
u |
|
Ø 以UTF-8读取正则表达式和目标字符串 |
X |
(?X) |
Ø 启用PCRE “额外功能(extra stuff)” |
e |
|
Ø 将replacement作为PHP代码(只用于preg_replace) |
S |
|
Ø 启用PCRE的“study”优化尝试 |
下面三个很少用到 |
||
U |
(?U) |
Ø 交换 "*"和"*?"的匹配优先含义 |
A |
|
Ø 将整个匹配尝试锚定在起始位置 |
D |
|
Ø "$1" 只能匹配EOS,而不是EOS之前的换行符 (如果使用了模式修饰符m则不会这样) |
表达式内部的模式修饰符
在正则表达式内部,模式修饰符可以单独出现,来启用或停用某些特性(例如用"(?i)"来启用不区分大小写匹配,用"(?-i)"来停用。此时,它们的作用范围持续到对应的结束括号,如果不存在,就持续到正则表达式的末尾。
它们也可以用作模式修饰范围 例如 "(?i...)" 表示对此括号内的内容进行不区分大小写匹配"(?-sm:...)" 表示在此范围内停用s和m模式.
正则表达式之外,结束分隔符之后的模式修饰符可以以任何顺序组织,下例中的‘si’表示同时启用不区分大小写和点号通配模式:
If(preg_match('{
摘自lostwolf's Blog

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