PHP中getenv函数的用途
在PHP中getenv(参数)函数是一个用于获取环境变量的函数,根据提供不同的参数可以获取不同的环境变量,具体如下:
“PHP_SELF”
当前正在执行脚本的文件名,与 document root 相关。举例来说,在 URL 地址为 [url]http://example.com/test.php/foo.bar[/url] 的脚本中使用 $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] 将会得到 /test.php/foo.bar 这个结果。__FILE__ 常量包含当前(例如包含)文件的绝对路径和文件名。
如果 PHP 以命令行方式运行,该变量在 PHP 4.3.0 之前无效。
“argv”
传递给该脚本的参数。当脚本运行在命令行方式时,argv 变量传递给程序 C 语言样式的命令行参数。当调用 GET 方法时,该变量包含请求的数据。
“argc”
包含传递给程序的命令行参数的个数(如果运行在命令行模式)。
“GATEWAY_INTERFACE”
服务器使用的 CGI 规范的版本。例如,“CGI/1.1”。
“SERVER_NAME”
当前运行脚本所在服务器主机的名称。如果该脚本运行在一个虚拟主机上,该名称是由那个虚拟主机所设置的值决定。
“SERVER_SOFTWARE”
服务器标识的字串,在响应请求时的头信息中给出。
“SERVER_PROTOCOL”
请求页面时通信协议的名称和版本。例如,“HTTP/1.0”。
“REQUEST_METHOD”
访问页面时的请求方法。例如:“GET”、“HEAD”,“POST”,“PUT”。
注: 如果请求的方式是 HEAD,PHP 脚本将在送出头信息后中止(这意味着在产生任何输出后,不再有输出缓冲)。
“REQUEST_TIME”
请求开始时的时间戳。从 PHP 5.1.0 起有效。
“QUERY_STRING”
查询(query)的字符串(URL 中第一个问号 ? 之后的内容)。
“DOCUMENT_ROOT”
当前运行脚本所在的文档根目录。在服务器配置文件中定义。
“HTTP_ACCEPT”
当前请求的 Accept: 头信息的内容。
“HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET”
当前请求的 Accept-Charset: 头信息的内容。例如:“iso-8859-1,*,utf-8”。
“HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING”
当前请求的 Accept-Encoding: 头信息的内容。例如:“gzip”。
“HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE”
当前请求的 Accept-Language: 头信息的内容。例如:“en”。
“HTTP_CONNECTION”
当前请求的 Connection: 头信息的内容。例如:“Keep-Alive”。
“HTTP_HOST”
当前请求的 Host: 头信息的内容。
“HTTP_REFERER”
链接到当前页面的前一页面的 URL 地址。不是所有的用户代理(浏览器)都会设置这个变量,而且有的还可以手工修改 HTTP_REFERER。因此,这个变量不总是真实正确的。
“HTTP_USER_AGENT”
当前请求的 User-Agent: 头信息的内容。该字符串表明了访问该页面的用户代理的信息。一个典型的例子是:Mozilla/4.5 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.9 i586)。也可以使用 get_browser() 得到此信息。
“HTTPS”
如果脚本是通过 HTTPS 协议被访问,则被设为一个非空的值。
“REMOTE_ADDR”
正在浏览当前页面用户的 IP 地址。
“REMOTE_HOST”
正在浏览当前页面用户的主机名。反向域名解析基于该用户的 REMOTE_ADDR。
注: 必须配置 Web 服务器来建立此变量。例如 Apache 需要在 httpd.conf 中有 HostnameLookups On。参见 gethostbyaddr()。
“REMOTE_PORT”
用户连接到服务器时所使用的端口。
“SCRIPT_FILENAME”
当前执行脚本的绝对路径名。
注: 如果脚本在 CLI 中被执行,作为相对路径,例如 file.php 或 ../file.php,$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] 将包含用户指定的相对路径。
“SERVER_ADMIN”
该值指明了 Apache 服务器配置文件中的 SERVER_ADMIN 参数。如果脚本运行在一个虚拟主机上,则该值是那个虚拟主机的值。
“SERVER_PORT”
服务器所使用的端口。默认为“80”。如果使用 SSL 安全连接,则这个值为用户设置的 HTTP 端口。
“SERVER_SIGNATURE”
包含服务器版本和虚拟主机名的字符串。
“PATH_TRANSLATED”
当前脚本所在文件系统(不是文档根目录)的基本路径。这是在服务器进行虚拟到真实路径的映像后的结果。
注: PHP 4.3.2 之后,PATH_TRANSLATED 在 Apache 2 SAPI 模式下不再和 Apache 1 一样隐含赋值,而是若 Apache 不生成此值,PHP 便自己生成并将其值放入 SCRIPT_FILENAME 服务器常量中。这个修改遵守了 CGI 规范,PATH_TRANSLATED 仅在 PATH_INFO 被定义的条件下才存在。
Apache 2 用户可以使用 httpd.conf 中的 AcceptPathInfo On 来定义 PATH_INFO。
“SCRIPT_NAME”
包含当前脚本的路径。这在页面需要指向自己时非常有用。__FILE__ 包含当前文件的绝对路径和文件名(例如包含文件)。
“REQUEST_URI”
访问此页面所需的 URI。例如,“/index.html”。
“PHP_AUTH_DIGEST”
当作为 Apache 模块运行时,进行 HTTP Digest 认证的过程中,此变量被设置成客户端发送的“Authorization”HTTP 头内容(以便作进一步的认证操作)。
“PHP_AUTH_USER”
当 PHP 运行在 Apache 或 IIS(PHP 5 是 ISAPI)模块方式下,并且正在使用 HTTP 认证功能,这个变量便是用户输入的用户名。
“PHP_AUTH_PW”
当 PHP 运行在 Apache 或 IIS(PHP 5 是 ISAPI)模块方式下,并且正在使用 HTTP 认证功能,这个变量便是用户输入的密码。

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