Home php教程 php手册 PHP与UML类图PHPandUMLClassDiagrams

PHP与UML类图PHPandUMLClassDiagrams

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:26 AM
php u uml and use explain

这篇短文写的不错,用PHP来解释UML(或者反过来说)可以说是一个创新了,通过这篇文章,我也发现了一个好站: www.phppatterns.com 。各UML术语的翻译来源于我正在看的《UML用户指南(The Unified Modeling Language User Guide)》一书。 UML(Unified Modeling Language, 统一建模语言)是一种通过图的方式表示软件的机制。本质上它允许我们通过画图来设计我们的程序,并且如果有相应的工具,我们甚至可以从图来直接产生代码。在这篇文章里,我们将来看看PHP代码如何通过使用UML类图(class diagram)的方式表现出来。 我们将直接开始,假设你已经具备了UML的知识,并列举一些PHP代码和它们对应的UML表示作为例子——但这并不是对类图的一个完整的分析。 如果你尚未接触过UML,在你开始阅读前可以补充一些知识,我们收集了一些资源列在这篇文章的末尾。 [Inheritance 继承关系] PHP关键字extends允许一个类(子类)继承于另一个类(父类)。 UML方式表示如下: 请注意,三角形在父类这边。 [Associations 关联关系] 关联关系(Associations)发生于两个不存在关系但也许需要互相访问的类之间,比如Model(模型)和View(视图),View需要Model提供数据以进行显示。有几种不同的关联类型: *Aggregation* 聚合 聚合(Aggregation)是当一个类(下面例子为Model)访问另一个类(下面例子为Dao)时,第二个类(Dao)也许已经被外部实例化($dao)了 。如果第一个对象($model)“挂了”,第二个对象($dao)仍然会继续“活着”。这在涉及数据访问对象(data access objects)时很常见,它们也许会被传递给很多对象,这些对象就算“挂了”数据访问对象也依然“健在”。 这种方式正常地解释了第一个类(Model)控制第二个类(Dao)的一部分。 举个例子: dao=& $dao; } function doSomething () { $this->dao->getSomething(); } } $dao=new Dao; $model=new Model($dao); $model->doSomething(); ?> 在UML中表示为: 空心菱形在控制类这边。 *Composition* 组合 组合(Composition)发生于当于一个类(例子中为View)将另一个类(例子中为LinkWidget)实例化,这样当前者(View)“挂了”时后者()也跟着“玩完”的情况。 换句话说,第一个类控制了第二个类的全部。 下面是PHP中的一个例子: linkWidget=new LinkWidget; } function renderPage () { $this->page=$this->linkWidget->display() } } ?> 在UML中用下图表示: 实心菱形在控制类这边。 [Messages 消息] 消息(Messages)发生于一个类(例子中为View)同其它类(例子中为HtmlUtils)“交流”而不控制它(HtmlUtils)的实例的时候。这些类之间的关系同样是关联关系(association)。 在PHP中通常发生于操作符 :: 使用的时候。例如: 译注: 我觉得这种方式类似于C++中HtmlUtils类中的成员函数unHtmlEntities()为static的情况,这样就无需实例化HtmlUtils就可以直接通过"类名::成员函数名"的方式(HtmlUtils::unHtmlEntities())来调用了。 这将表示为: 该消息从View发给HtmlUtils.(单向发送) 同样,消息也可以双向发送。 errorMsg); } } class SomeClass { var $errorMsg=This is an error message; function someFunction () { if ( DEBUG == 1 ) { Debug::display(); } } } define (DEBUG,1); $someClass= &new SomeClass; $someClass->someFunction(); ?> [输出信息: "This is an error message"] 这里 SomeClass 发送一个消息给 Debug,Debug 访问了SomeClass 的 $errorMsg 属性。 [Resources 资源] Introduction to UML from the Object Management Group Posideon UML - a tool for drawing UML diagrams and generating Java (sadly no PHP), the community edition being free to use. Based on Argo UML, an open source project. Object Mentor on UML A UML Reference Card

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian Dec 24, 2024 pm 04:42 PM

PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development Dec 20, 2024 am 11:31 AM

Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c

Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Apr 05, 2025 am 12:04 AM

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String Feb 07, 2025 pm 12:12 PM

A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total

How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? Feb 07, 2025 am 11:57 AM

This tutorial demonstrates how to efficiently process XML documents using PHP. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a versatile text-based markup language designed for both human readability and machine parsing. It's commonly used for data storage an

Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Apr 03, 2025 am 12:04 AM

Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.

What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? Apr 03, 2025 am 12:03 AM

What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.

PHP and Python: Comparing Two Popular Programming Languages PHP and Python: Comparing Two Popular Programming Languages Apr 14, 2025 am 12:13 AM

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

See all articles