o3 vs o4-mini vs Gemini 2.5 pro: The Ultimate Reasoning Battle - Analytics Vidhya

This blog pits three leading AI models—o3, o4-mini, and Gemini 2.5 Pro—against each other in a rigorous reasoning challenge. We test their capabilities across physics, mathematics, coding, web design, and image analysis, revealing their strengths and weaknesses in advanced reasoning across diverse domains.

Table of Contents

• Understanding o3 and o4-mini
  • Key Features of o3 and o4-mini
• Introducing Gemini 2.5 Pro
  • Key Features of Gemini 2.5 Pro
• Head-to-Head: o3 vs. o4-mini vs. Gemini 2.5 Pro
  • Challenge 1: Physics Reasoning
  • Challenge 2: Numerical Sequence Analysis
  • Challenge 3: LRU Cache Implementation (Coding)
  • Challenge 4: Responsive Portfolio Website Design
  • Challenge 5: Image Interpretation
  • Summary of Results
• Benchmark Performance Comparison
• Conclusion
• Frequently Asked Questions

Understanding o3 and o4-mini

o3 and o4-mini, OpenAI's latest reasoning models, surpass simple pattern recognition with their extended "chain of thought" processing. They integrate seamlessly with ChatGPT tools and excel in STEM, coding, and logical deduction.

• o3: A high-powered model offering significantly increased computational capabilities compared to its predecessor, enabling "thinking with images" for direct visual reasoning. Ideal for complex analytical tasks.
• o4-mini: A more compact and efficient model prioritizing speed and cost-effectiveness while maintaining strong performance in math, coding, and visual tasks.

Both are accessible via ChatGPT and the Responses API.

Key Features of o3 and o4-mini

• Proactive Problem Solving: These models demonstrate initiative in tackling complex problems, autonomously selecting the best approach and executing multi-step solutions.
• Advanced Tool Integration: Seamlessly utilize tools like web browsing, code execution, and image generation to enhance problem-solving.
• Multimodal Reasoning: Process and integrate visual and textual information for comprehensive analysis.
• Advanced Visual Reasoning: Interpret and manipulate visual inputs (diagrams, images) to extract relevant information.

Introducing Gemini 2.5 Pro

Gemini 2.5 Pro, from Google DeepMind, offers enhanced performance, efficiency, and capabilities compared to earlier versions. It balances power and cost-efficiency for developers and businesses.

Key Features of Gemini 2.5 Pro

• Multimodal Support: Processes various data types, including text, images, video, audio, and code.
• Sophisticated Reasoning: Employs an advanced reasoning system for methodical analysis and contextually relevant responses.
• Large Context Window: Boasts a significantly expanded context window (1 million tokens), allowing for processing of larger information volumes.
• Improved Coding Performance: Shows marked improvements in code generation and assistance.
• Up-to-Date Knowledge Base: Trained on more recent data (cutoff: January 2025).

Access Gemini 2.5 Pro via Google AI Studio or the Gemini website (for Gemini Advanced subscribers).

Head-to-Head: o3 vs. o4-mini vs. Gemini 2.5 Pro

To compare these models, we subjected them to five distinct challenges:

• Challenge 1: Physics Reasoning: Solving a problem involving resonant attenuation in a dispersive gaseous medium.
• Challenge 2: Numerical Reasoning: Identifying the missing term in a numerical sequence.
• Challenge 3: Coding: Implementing a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache data structure.
• Challenge 4: Web Design: Creating a responsive personal portfolio website using HTML and CSS.
• Challenge 5: Image Analysis: Interpreting a provided image.

(Detailed results and comparisons for each challenge are included below, mirroring the structure and content of the original input, but with wording adjustments for improved flow and conciseness.)

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Benchmark Performance Comparison

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Conclusion

Each model—o3, o4-mini, and Gemini 2.5 Pro—demonstrates cutting-edge AI reasoning capabilities, each excelling in specific areas. The choice depends on your specific needs: o3 for balanced performance across various tasks; o4-mini for speed and efficiency in mathematical and logical problems; and Gemini 2.5 Pro for its extensive multimodal capabilities and large context window.

Frequently Asked Questions

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