How to finely control the access_token interface access permissions through the scope mechanism of OAuth2.0?

Use access_token in OAuth 2.0 to finely control API access permissions

OAuth2.0 is widely used in modern application development, especially in the scenario of sharing user data across applications. For example, Company A's App nests Company B's H5 page, which requires access to Company A's user information. Company B obtained the access_token of Company A through OAuth2.0. How to ensure that this token can only access specific interfaces, not all interfaces of Company A?

The problem is how to use OAuth2.0 to limit the access scope of access_token so that it can only call company A's specific interfaces (for example: obtaining mobile phone number, user's real name, user ID card), and not accessing other interfaces.

scope mechanism of OAuth2.0 perfectly solves this problem. scope is used to define access permissions for access_token. During the authorization process, we can clearly specify the permission scope of access_token through scope parameter, thereby restricting the interface it accesses.

When Company B's H5 page requests Company A's user information, Company A's authorization endpoint will request authorization from the user. scope parameter included in the request specifies the required permissions:

 <code>GET /authorize? response_type=code& client_id=s6BhdRkqt3& redirect_uri=https://client.example.com/cb& scope=phone name idcard& state=xyz</code>

scope=phone name idcard means only requesting permissions to obtain the mobile phone number, user's real name and ID card.

After the user authorization, Company A issues access_tokens containing specific permissions. When Company B's H5 page uses this token to request Company A's resource server, the server will decide whether to allow access based on the permissions in the token. If the requested interface is not within the permissions scope, the server will deny access.

Therefore, scope mechanism can limit the scope of access_token usage and implement granular interface access permission control. This not only limits the access scope of access_token, but also ensures the legitimacy of interface access through user authorization, achieving dual protection.

This method clearly distinguishes the access scope of access_token and user authorization, and is an effective means to achieve fine permission control.

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