A complete collection of commonly used basic commands for CentOS

A Comprehensive Guide to Essential CentOS Commands

This article answers your questions regarding crucial CentOS commands, covering file management, network troubleshooting, and system administration.

CentOS常用基础命令大全 (A Comprehensive List of Common Basic CentOS Commands)

This section details a selection of fundamental CentOS commands, categorized for clarity. Remember that the full power of the shell comes from combining these commands with redirection and piping.

File and Directory Management:

• ls (list): Displays the contents of a directory. Use options like -l (long listing, showing permissions, size, etc.), -a (show hidden files), and -h (human-readable sizes). Example: ls -l /etc
• cd (change directory): Navigates to a different directory. Example: cd /home/user
• mkdir (make directory): Creates a new directory. Example: mkdir new_directory
• rmdir (remove directory): Removes an empty directory. Example: rmdir empty_directory
• rm (remove): Deletes files or directories. Use with caution! rm -r recursively deletes directories and their contents. rm -f forces removal without prompting. Example: rm file.txt
• cp (copy): Copies files or directories. Example: cp file.txt backup.txt
• mv (move): Moves or renames files or directories. Example: mv file.txt new_file.txt
• touch: Creates an empty file or updates a file's timestamp. Example: touch new_file.txt
• cat (concatenate): Displays the contents of a file. Example: cat file.txt
• less: Displays the contents of a file page by page. Use spacebar to scroll down, 'b' to scroll up, and 'q' to quit. Example: less file.txt
• head: Displays the first few lines of a file. Example: head file.txt
• tail: Displays the last few lines of a file. Useful for monitoring log files. Example: tail -f log.txt (the -f option follows the file as it grows)
• find: Searches for files and directories based on various criteria. Example: find /home -name "*.txt"

System Information and Processes:

• uname -a: Shows system information (kernel version, hostname, etc.).
• df -h: Displays disk space usage in a human-readable format.
• du -sh *: Shows disk usage of files and directories in the current directory.
• top: Displays real-time system processes.
• ps aux: Shows a snapshot of currently running processes.
• kill <PID>: Terminates a process (replace <PID> with the process ID).

This is not an exhaustive list, but it covers many essential commands for everyday use.

What are the essential CentOS commands for managing files and directories?

The essential CentOS commands for managing files and directories are those listed in the previous section under "File and Directory Management." These commands allow you to create, delete, move, copy, rename, view, and search for files and directories. Mastering these commands is fundamental to effective system administration in CentOS. Pay close attention to the options available for each command, as they significantly enhance functionality and control. For instance, understanding the -r (recursive) option for rm is crucial to avoid accidental data loss.

How can I troubleshoot common network connectivity issues using basic CentOS commands?

Troubleshooting network connectivity often involves a combination of commands. Here are some key ones:

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