How to Gracefully Exit a C# Application: Application.Exit() vs. Environment.Exit()?

Tricks to correctly exit C# applications

In C#, exiting an application gracefully is not easy, especially when you need to ensure that all child windows and resources can be closed correctly. Avoiding unexpected situations such as orphan windows or residual alerts requires appropriate strategies.

Comparison of Application.Exit() and Environment.Exit()

There are two main ways to terminate a C# application:

• Application.Exit(): Closes all application windows and terminates the message loop of all threads. This works for applications using Application.Run (e.g. WinForms applications).
• Environment.Exit(): Terminates the process using the specified exit code. This works for console applications.

Message Loop and Application.MessageLoop

The

MessageLoop attribute determines whether Application.Run is called. If true is returned, it means this is a WinForms application and Application.Exit() should be used. If false is returned, it means this is a console application and Environment.Exit() should be used.

this.Hide() and application exit

If your form calls the FormClosed or FormClosing event and uses this.Hide() to close the application, it may affect the behavior of the application and cause child windows and resources to not close properly. To ensure a clean exit, use Application.Exit() or Environment.Exit() directly instead of hiding the main form.

Code Example

The following example demonstrates the correct usage of Application.Exit():

if (System.Windows.Forms.Application.MessageLoop)
{
    // WinForms 应用
    System.Windows.Forms.Application.Exit();
}

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