How Can I Reliably Print Unicode Characters in C ?

Printing Unicode Characters in C

In attempting to print the Russian character "ф" (U 0444), users may encounter difficulties using the wchar_t data type. However, there are alternative methods to represent and print Unicode characters in C .

Representing Unicode Characters:

• Use Universal Character Names (UCNs) in the format 'u' or 'U' followed by the Unicode hexadecimal value, e.g., 'u0444'.
• Use literal characters if the source code encoding supports them, e.g., 'ф'.

Printing Unicode Characters:

• If the terminal emulator and compiler use compatible encodings that support the character, direct output using cout will suffice.
• For Windows, set the output file handle mode to _O_U16TEXT for UTF-16 output using wcout.

Portable Code Consideration:

Implementing portable code for Unicode printing is more complex. Consider using UCNs as they are portable across character encodings.

Example Code:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::cout << "Hello, " << '\u0444' << "!\n";
}

This code will print "Hello, ф!" regardless of the source code or console encoding.

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