How to Use the Ampersand (&) in SASS Selectors: Solving Nesting Challenges with Mixins

Ampersand (&) in SASS Selectors: Usages and Workarounds

SASS, a preprocessing language for CSS, utilizes an ampersand (&) symbol to represent the parent selector, allowing for reusable and maintainable code. However, using the ampersand at the end or as part of a selector can pose challenges.

Problem Overview

A mixin intended to mimic LESS behavior has a selector with an ampersand (&) at the end, causing incorrect output. The desired result is to generate a nested set of selectors where the caller class is added to each subsequent level, as shown below:

.callerClass .foreverAlone{
    ...
}

.callerClass .iThink .illNeverWork.callerClass{

    color: $pinkUnicornRainbow;
    ...
}

Solutions

For Sass versions 3.2 and below, valid ways to use the parent selector include:

&, &.bar, &#bar, &:after, &[active]

In Sass 3.3, the following syntax is added:

&bar, &-bar

Sass 3.4 introduces a new feature where the ampersand can be assigned to a variable and used within an @at-root rule:

$foo: &;

@at-root bar#{&} {
    color: red;
}

Application to Problem

To address the given mixin, the ampersand should be used in conjunction with the caller class as follows:

@mixin button-variant($color, $background, $border)
{
    ...
    .callerClass&.foreverAlone{
        ...
    }

    .callerClass&.iThink .illNeverWork.callerClass& {

        color: $pinkUnicornRainbow;
        ...
    }
}

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