Satoshi Nakamoto May Have Launched a 51% Mining Attack on Bitcoin in 2009
新研究表明,假名比特幣 (BTC) 創建者中本聰可能在網路存在的第一年就發起了 51% 挖礦攻擊。
对比特币 BTC 网络的 51% 挖矿攻击是由控制超过 50% 网络的任何实体或团体发起的攻击。如此高的控制权使实体可以自由地改变区块链。
在对“Patoshi”开采的 2009 年区块进行深入数据审查后,最近的猜测有所上升。 Patoshi 是给频繁矿工起的昵称,他在 Coinbase 交易数据中嵌入了 ExtraNonce 的非标准使用。审查显示,哈希能力很可能被用来重组比特币的区块链。
根据比特币历史学家 Pete Rizzo 提供的解释,Patoshi 会定期停止挖矿。每当这种情况发生时,人们发现他们的计算机重新启动“非常强大,以至于矿工 [Patoshi] 简单地覆盖了其他矿工在他们 [Patoshi] 不在时发现的区块。”
这听起来像是 51% 攻击,其中实体试图推翻矿工并获得新交易确认的控制权。不幸的是,没有其他矿工能够完成足够的哈希工作来阻止他们在 Patoshi 停止挖矿期间返回并夺回控制权。
另一方面,加密社区的一些观察家有理由认为 Patoshi 和中本聪是同一个人。从长远来看,这两个实体都在 2009 年积极开采比特币。此时,很可能只有中本聪拥有连接到网络的计算机。
Wicked Smart Bitcoin 的另一项详细研究表明 Patoshi 可能在 2009 年进行了 51% 挖矿攻击。Wicked 的研究建立在 Sergio Demian Lerner 早期工作的基础上。
值得注意的是,这次疑似2009年的51%攻击并不是为了经济利益而发起的,而是作为压力测试。
这是因为BTC当时没有价值。有人可能会说“51% 攻击”这个词对事件的分类很糟糕。
“虽然中本聪带领比特币度过了它存在的第一年,但看起来他可能已经进行了一些现实世界的压力测试,例如 2009 年 5 月的重组,并有目的地精心策划了 2010 年 5 月的难度下调,”Wicked 表示。 “这些行为本质上看起来都不是恶意的,而是为了检查他所构建的系统的完整性和稳健性。”
虽然中本聪对比特币 51% 攻击的真实性尚未确定,但加密分析公司 Coin Metrics 已经表示不太可能再次发生。
2 月份,该公司发布了研究结果,指出民族国家无法再对比特币和以太坊区块链进行 51% 攻击。
Coin Metrics 引用了进行此类攻击的天文数字成本,并补充说它们是不可行的。本季度,据估计,策划对比特币的 51% 攻击将需要大量 700 万台 ASIC 挖矿设备,预计成本约为 200 亿美元。
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