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PHP抽象类简单应用详解

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:15 AM
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对于PHP程序员来说,最为难掌握的一点要数PHP抽象类应用这一块知识点。作为一个新手其实也还没有到要用面向对象的知识去编程,但以后进行开发,使用类进行封装或者使用接口之类,把程序进行各种模块式的开发,这当然是必然的。

在自然语言中,我们理解抽象的概念是,一个物体的一种大的描述,这种描述对某类物体来说是共有的特性。那么在PHP中也是一样的,我们把一个类进行抽象,可以指明类的一般行为,这个类应该是一个模板,它指示它的子方法必须要实现的一些行为。

PHP抽象类应用的定义:

 代码如下 复制代码

abstract class ClassName{

}

PHP抽象类应用要点:

  1.定义一些方法,子类必须完全实现这个抽象中所有的方法

  2.不能从抽象类创建对象,它的意义在于被扩展

  3.抽象类通常具有抽象方法,方法中没有大括号

PHP抽象类应用重点:

  1.抽象方法不必实现具体的功能,由子类来完成

  2.在子类实现抽象类的方法时,其子类的可见性必须大于或等于抽象方法的定义

  3.抽象类的方法可以有参数,也可以为空

  4.如果抽象方法有参数,那么子类的实现也必须有相同的参数个数

PHP抽象类应用示例:

abstract public function_name(); //注意没有大括号

PHP抽象类规则:

某个类只要至少含有一个抽象方法,就必须声明为抽象类
抽象方法,不能够含有函数体
继承抽象类的子类,实现抽象方法的,必须跟该抽象方法具有相同或者更低的访问级别
继承抽象类的子类,如果不实现所有抽象方法,那么该子类也为抽象类
 

作为演示,我们来实现一个简单的抽象类:计算矩形的面积。这个矩形可以从形状类扩展。

 代码如下 复制代码


abstract class Shape {  
abstract protected function get_area();  
//和一般的方法不同的是,这个方法没有大括号  
//你不能创建这个抽象类的实例:$Shape_Rect= new Shape();
}  
class Rectangle extends Shape{  
private $width;  
private $height;  
function __construct($width=0,
$height=0){  

  $this->width=$width;  
  $this->height=$height;  
}  
function get_area(){  
  echo ($this->width+$this->height)*2;  
}  
}  
$Shape_Rect = new Rectangle(20,30);  
$Shape_Rect->get_area();  
?>  

这也算是一个简单的例子,基本上可以说明PHP中抽象类的用法了,其他的不想多说了。个人觉得抽象类一般在大的项目才会用吧,因为我觉得它实在是要遵守的”规矩”太多了,用起来不方便!当然这只是我的意见。还想多说一些,PHP抽象类应用是单继承的,也就是说你只能从一个类继承,而不能一个类继承了A类,又继承B类,如果要实现这样的功能,得使用接口相关的知识了,在此暂时不讨论PHP接口的知识!一句话:单继承多接口中!

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