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php中拷贝构造函数、赋值运算符重载详解

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:15 AM
php about function copy article Detailed explanation Assignment operator Overload

本文章详细的介绍了关于php中拷贝构造函数、赋值运算符重载详解,有需要了解的同学可参考一下下哦。

对象的赋值与复制: 赋值:通过“ = ”运算符重载

 代码如下 复制代码

User a(10),b;

b = a;

复制:调用复制构造函数

User b;

User a(b);

或者

User a = b;//相当于User a(b);

与赋值的区别,赋值是对一个已经存在的对象进行赋值(已经实现定义了被赋值的对象),而复制是从无到有建立一个新的对象,并使它与已有的对象相同。

浅复制与深复制: 若对象中有指针成员,在复制时,只会将该指针成员的地址复制给新建立的对象,因此,两个对象中的指针成员都指向了同一块内存区域,在释放时会出现重复释放的问题。 需要手动定义复制构造函数,在构造函数中将为指针变量分配新的内存,是不同对象的指针成员指向不同的内存区域。

用到拷贝构造函数的三种情况: 1、需要建立一个新对象,并用另一个同类对象对其进行初始化 2、函数的参数为类的对象时,在调用函数时需要建立一个实参的拷贝,按实参复制一个形参,系统是通过调用拷贝构造函数实现的 3、函数的返回值是类的对象:函数调用结束时,需要将函数中的对象复制一个临时对象,并传给该函数的调用处。

 代码如下 复制代码

User getUser()

User temp; 

return temp;

}

int main()

User user = getUser();//调用getUser();

}

getUser()函数调用结束时,getUser中建立的对象temp的生命周期结束(即将销毁),所以不是将temp带回main,而是在执行return语句时,调用User类的拷贝构造函数,按temp拷贝一个新的、对象,然后将它赋值给user.

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