MySQL手册版本 5.0.20-MySQL优化(四) (1)(2)
想要提高 ORDER BY 的速度,首先要看MySQL能否使用索引而非额外的排序过程。如果不能使用索引,可以试着遵循以下策略:
增加 sort_buffer_size 的值。
增加 read_rnd_buffer_size 的值。
修改 tmpdir,让它指向一个有很多剩余空间的专用文件系统。如果使用MySQL 4.1或更新,这个选项允许有多个路径用循环的格式。各个路径之间在 Unix 上用冒号(':')分隔开来,在 Windows,NetWare以及OS/2 上用分号(';')。可以利用这个特性将负载平均分摊给几个目录。注意:这些路径必须是分布在不同物理磁盘上的目录,而非在同一个物理磁盘上的不同目录。
默认情况下,MySQL也会对所有的 GROUP BY col1, col2, ... 查询做排序,跟 ORDER BY col1, col2, ... 查询一样。如果显式地包含一个有同样字段列表的 ORDER BY 分句,MySQL优化它的时候并不会损失速度,因为排序总是会发生。如果一个查询中包括 GROUP BY,但是想要避免对结果排序的开销,可以通过使用 ORDER BY NULL 来取消排序。例如:
INSERT INTO foo
SELECT a, COUNT(*) FROM bar GROUP BY a ORDER BY NULL;
7.2.10 MySQL 如何优化 LIMIT
在一些情况下,MySQL在碰到一个使用 LIMIT row_count 但没使用 HAVING
的查询时会做不同的处理:
如果只是用 LIMIT 来取得很少的一些记录, MySQL 有时会使用索引,但是更通常的情况是做一个全表扫描。
如果 LIMIT row_count 和 ORDER BY 一起使用,则MySQL在找到 row_count 条记录后就会停止排序了,而非对整个表进行排序。

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