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怎样使 MySQL 安全以对抗解密高手

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:05 AM
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当你连接一个MySQL服务器时,你通常应该使用一个口令。口令不以明文在连接上传输。
 
所有其它信息作为能被任何人读懂的文本被传输。如果你担心这个,你可使用压缩协议(MySQL3.22和以上版本)使事情变得更难。甚至为了使一切更安全,你应该安装ssh(见http://www.cs.hut.fi/ssh)。用它,你能在一个MySQL服务器与一个MySQL客户之间得到一个加密的TCP/IP连接。
 
为了使一个MySQL系统安全,强烈要求你考虑下列建议:
对所有MySQL用户使用口令。记住,如果other_user没有口令,任何人能简单地用mysql -u other_user db_name作为任何其它的人登录。对客户机/服务器应用程序,客户可以指定任何用户名是常见的做法。在你运行它以前,你可以通过编辑mysql_install_db脚本改变所有用户的口令,或仅仅MySQL root的口令,象这样:
shell> mysql -u root mysql
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('new_password')
WHERE user='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
不要作为Unix的root用户运行MySQL守护进程。mysqld能以任何用户运行,你也可以创造一个新的Unix用户mysql使一切更安全。如果你作为其它Unix用户运行mysqld,你不需要改变在user表中的root用户名,因为MySQL用户名与Unix 用户名没关系。你可以作为其它Unix用户编辑mysql.server启动脚本mysqld。通常这用su命令完成。对于更多的细节,见18.8 怎样作为一个一般用户运行MySQL。
 
如果你把一个Unix root用户口令放在mysql.server脚本中,确保这个脚本只能对root是可读的。
 
检查那个运行mysqld的Unix用户是唯一的在数据库目录下有读/写权限的用户。
 
不要把process权限给所有用户。mysqladmin processlist的输出显示出当前执行的查询正文,如果另外的用户发出一个UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('not_secure')查询,被允许执行那个命令的任何用户可能看得到。mysqld为有process权限的用户保留一个额外的连接, 以便一个MySQL root用户能登录并检查,即使所有的正常连接在使用。
 
不要把file权限给所有的用户。
 
有这权限的任何用户能在拥有mysqld守护进程权限的文件系统那里写一个文件!为了使这更安全一些,用SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE生成的所有文件对每个人是可读的,并且你不能覆盖已经存在的文件。
 
file权限也可以被用来读取任何作为运行服务器的Unix用户可存取的文件。这可能被滥用,例如,通过使用LOAD DATA装载“/etc/passwd”进一个数据库表,然后它能用SELECT被读入。
 
如果你不信任你的DNS,你应该在授权表中使用IP数字而不是主机名。原则上讲,--secure选项对mysqld应该使主机名更安全。在任何情况下,你应该非常小心地使用包含通配符的主机名。
 

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