PHP任务学习2:认清变量的作用范围
局部变量与全局变量
变量的存在有着它的生命周期,我们可以让它存在于一个小的函数内部,也可让它存在于整个程序当中。对于一般情况下声明的变量,我们称之为局部变量,只能在当前程序段中存在,而使用$globals声明出来的变量则是在当前页面整个程序当中都会有效。
例:
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<?php<br /> $a=1;<br /> $b=2;<br /> function sum()<br /> {$a;<br /> $b;<br /> $b=$a+$b;<br /> }<br /> sum();<br /> echo$b;<br /> ?>
在这段程序当中,
第2至3行,我们建立了两个变量a和b并分别给其赋值为1和2。
第3行至第7行,我们定义了一个自加的函数sum(),其作用是让sum内部的变量a和b进行相加,并将加得的值赋给b。
第8行,调用sum函数。
第9行,用echo将b的值输出。
可能有人会认为此时在网页上输出的值一定是3,但是运行后你会发现,值还是为2,也就是b原先的值。这就是局部变量的原因造成的,在第2至3行当中声明的变量无法在sum()函数中使用,也就是说,sum函数中使用的a和b和第2至3行中a和b只是名字相同,但两者之间毫无关系。所以,在最终输出的b也就是第3行b的值了。
但如果,我们将程序修改下面的样式:
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<?php<br /> $a=1;<br /> $b=2;<br /> function sum()<br /> {<br /> global $a,$b;<br /> $b=$a+$b;<br /> }<br /> sum();<br /> echo $b;<br /> ?><br /> <PRE><br /> <BR><BR>
我们发现,在sum函数中,我们给变量a和b加上了一个global修饰符,这个时候,a和b就和函数外的a和b建立上了关系,它们就是同一个变量了。因此,这个程序在运行的时候,其结果就为3了。因此,我们在声明全局变量时,只需在局部使用它们时(本例中是在函数sum中),给它们加上一个修饰符global,它们就可以继承外部的值,也就不再是局部变量了。

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